Cheson BD, et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:3059–67. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.54.8800.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ansell SM, Armitage JO. Positron emission tomographic scans in lymphoma: convention and controversy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87:571–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.03.006.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scherer F, et al. High-throughput sequencing for noninvasive disease detection in hematologic malignancies. Blood. 2017;130:440–52. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-03-735639.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Taylor SC, Laperriere G, Germain H. Droplet digital PCR versus qPCR for gene expression analysis with low abundant targets: from variable nonsense to publication Quality Data. Sci Rep. 2017:7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02217-x.

•Ching T, et al. Analytical evaluation of the CLONOSEQ assay for establishing measurable (minimal) residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma. BMC Cancer. 2020;20 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-07077-9. Provides evidence for the justification of using ClonoSeq for MRD monitoring in a variety of hematologic malignancies. This was the first FDA approved NGS-based assay for this indication and remains a commonly utilized tool for this purpose.

Newman AM, et al. An ultrasensitive method for quantitating circulating tumor DNA with broad patient coverage. Nat Med. 2014;20:548–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3519.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rossi D, et al. Liquid biopsy in lymphoma. Haematologica. 2019;104:648–52. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2018.206177.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li S, Young KH, Medeiros LJ. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pathology. 2018;50:74–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.09.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang L, Li L-r, Young KH. New agents and regimens for diffuse large B cell lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol. 2020;13(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-01011-z.

Tilly H, et al. Polatuzumab vedotin in previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:351–63. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2115304.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Flowers CR, Odejide OO. Sequencing therapy in relapsed DLBCL. Hematology. 2022;1:146–54. https://doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2022000332.

Article  Google Scholar 

Assouline S, et al. The conditional survival analysis of relapsed DLBCL after autologous transplant: a subgroup analysis of LY.12 and Coral. Blood Adv. 2020;4:2011–7. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001646.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cappell KM, Kochenderfer JN. Long-term outcomes following car T cell therapy: what we know so far. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023;20:359–71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-023-00754-1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cheah CY, Hofman MS, Dickinson M, Wirth A, Westerman D, Harrison SJ, et al. Limited role for surveillance PET-CT scanning in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in complete metabolic remission following primary therapy. Br J Cancer. 2013;109:312–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.338.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goldschmidt N, Or O, Klein M, Savitsky B, Paltiel O. The role of routine imaging procedures in the detection of relapse of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Hematol. 2011;90:165–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-010-1044-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mamot C, Klingbiel D, Hitz F, Renner C, Pabst T, Driessen C, et al. Final results of a prospective evaluation of the predictive value of interim positron emission tomography in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP-14 (SAKK 38/07). J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2523–9. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.58.9846.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thompson CA, Ghesquieres H, Maurer MJ, Cerhan JR, Biron P, Ansell SM, et al. Utility of routine post-therapy surveillance imaging in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:3506–12. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.55.7561.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Eertink JJ, et al. Optimal timing and criteria of interim pet in DLBCL: a comparative study of 1692 patients. Blood Adv. 2021;5:2375–84. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004467.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moskowitz CH, Schöder H, Teruya-Feldstein J, et al. Risk-adapted dose-dense immunochemotherapy determined by interim FDG-PET in advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:1896–903. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.26.5942.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dührsen U, Müller S, Hertenstein B, et al. Positron emission tomography-guided therapy of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas (PETAL): a multicenter, randomized phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2024–34. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.76.8093.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zaman, M. uz et al. Progression free survival and predictor of recurrence in DLBCL patients with negative interim 18FDG PET/CT using standardized imaging and reporting protocols. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020:21:2343–2348. doi:https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2343.

Rossi D, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma genotyping on the liquid biopsy. Blood. 2017;129:1947–57. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-719641.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meriranta L, et al. Molecular features encoded in the ctDNA reveal heterogeneity and predict outcome in high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2022;139:1863–77. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2021012852.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Kurtz DM, et al. Enhanced detection of minimal residual disease by targeted sequencing of phased variants in circulating tumor DNA. Nat Biotechnol. 2021;39:1537–47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00981-w. Showed that compared to CAPP-Seq that PhasED-Seq has a higher sensitivity in monitoring MRD for DLBCL patients and how this relates to differences in survival outcomes.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roschewski M, et al. MRD-negativity as a potential surrogate endpoint after FRONTLINE DLBCL therapy: pooled analysis of trials & implications for clinical trial design. Blood. 2022;140:785–6. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2022-167936.

Article  Google Scholar 

Roschewski M, et al. Circulating tumour DNA and CT monitoring in patients with untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a correlative biomarker study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:541–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70106-3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kurtz DM, et al. Noninvasive monitoring of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunoglobulin high-throughput sequencing. Blood. 2015;25:3679–87. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-03-635169.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kurtz DM, Scherer F, Jin MC, Soo J, Craig AFM, Esfahani MS, et al. Circulating tumor DNA measurements as early outcome predictors in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2845–53. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2018.78.5246.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kurtz DM, et al. Dynamic risk profiling using serial tumor biomarkers for personalized outcome prediction. Cell. 2019:178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.06.011.

Herrera AF, et al. Risk profiling of patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by measuring circulating tumor DNA. Blood Adv. 2019;6:1651–60. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006415.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kamdar M, et al. Lisocabtagene maraleucel versus standard of care with salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation as second-line treatment in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (transform): results from an interim analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2022;399:2294–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00662-6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Locke FL, et al. Axicabtagene ciloleucel as second-line therapy for large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:640–54. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2116133.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Frank MJ, et al. Monitoring of circulating tumor DNA improves early relapse detection after Axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion in large B-cell lymphoma: results of a prospective multi-institutional trial. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:3034–43. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00377. A study showing that ctDNA measurement can risk stratify and predict outcomes of patients undergoing axicabtagene ciloleucel for large B-cell lymphoma. Specifically, those with positive ctDNA on day 28 post-CAR-T infusion experienced worse PFS and OS.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cherng H-JJ, et al. Risk assessment with low-pass whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA before CD19 car T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2022;140:504–15. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2022015601.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deng Q, et al. Characteristics of anti-cd19 car T cell infusion products associated with efficacy and toxicity in patients with large B cell lymphomas. Nat Med. 2020;26:1878–87. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1061-7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

• Sworder BJ, et al. Determinants of resistance to engineered T cell therapies targeting CD19 in large B cell lymphomas. Cancer Cell. 2023;41:210–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2022.12.005. This study demonstrates that analysis of ctDNA and cfCAR19 levels can further risk stratify and predict outcomes in patients with large B-cell lymphoma treated with Axicabtagene ciloleucel.

Article  CAS  PubMed