Chen DW, Lang BHH, McLeod DSA, Newbold K, Haymart MR. Thyroid cancer. Lancet. 2023;401(10387):1531–44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Araque DVP, Bleyer A, Brito JP. Thyroid cancer in adolescents and young adults. Future Oncol. 2017;13(14):1253–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sottoriva A. Divergent adaptation in thyroid cancers. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(6):1353.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hu S, Zhang H, Zhong Y, Agyekum EA, Sun Z, Ge Y, et al. Assessing diagnostic value of combining ultrasound and mri in extrathyroidal extension of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res. 2022;14:1285–92.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hu S, Zhang H, Sun Z, Ge Y, Li J, Yu C, et al. Preoperative assessment of extrathyroidal extension of papillary thyroid carcinomas by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging: a comparative study. Radiol Med. 2020;125(9):870–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Norris CD, Quick SE, Parker JG, Koontz NA. Diffusion MR imaging in the head and neck: principles and applications. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2020;30(3):261–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang J, Fu WX, Li WP, Zhang Y, Li JJ, Zhou Y, et al. Diagnostic value of thyroid micronodules with high b-value diffusion weighted imaging: comparative study with high-resolution ultrasound. Eur J Radiol. 2021;143: 109912.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yildiz S, Aralasmak A, Yetis H, Kilicarslan R, Sharifov R, Alkan A, et al. MRI findings and utility of DWI in the evaluation of solid parathyroid lesions. Radiol Med. 2019;124(5):360–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martinez Barbero JP, Rodriquez Jimenez I, Martin Noguerol T, Luna AA. Utility of MRI diffusion techniques in the evaluation of tumors of the head and neck. Cancers (Basel). 2013;5(3):875–89.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kong W, Yue X, Ren J, Tao X. A comparative analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging and ultrasound in thyroid nodules. BMC Med Imaging. 2019;19(1):92.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen L, Xu J, Bao J, Huang X, Hu X, Xia Y, et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2016;6(1): e008413.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jiang L, Zhang J, Chen J, Li Q, Liu W, Wu J, et al. rFOV-DWI and SMS-RESLOVE-DWI in patients with thyroid nodules: Comparison of image quality and apparent diffusion coefficient measurements. Magn Reson Imaging. 2022;91:62–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Linh LT, Cuong NN, Hung TV, Hieu NV, Lenh BV, Hue ND, et al. Value of diffusion weighted MRI with quantitative ADC map in diagnosis of malignant thyroid disease. Diagnostics (Basel). 2019;9(4):129.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bammer R. Basic principles of diffusion-weighted imaging. Eur J Radiol. 2003;45(3):169–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu W, Miller KL. Image formation in diffusion MRI: a review of recent technical developments. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017;46(3):646–62.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen NK, Guidon A, Chang HC, Song AW. A robust multi-shot scan strategy for high-resolution diffusion weighted MRI enabled by multiplexed sensitivity-encoding (MUSE). Neuroimage. 2013;72:41–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Daimiel Naranjo I, Lo Gullo R, Morris EA, Larowin T, Fung MM, Guidon A, et al. High-spatial-resolution multishot multiplexed sensitivity-encoding diffusion-weighted imaging for improved quality of breast images and differentiation of breast lesions: a feasibility study. Radiol Imaging Cancer. 2020;2(3): e190076.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim YY, Kim MJ, Gho SM, Seo N. Comparison of multiplexed sensitivity encoding and single-shot echo-planar imaging for diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver. Eur J Radiol. 2020;132: 109292.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El Homsi M, Bates DDB, Mazaheri Y, Sosa R, Gangai N, Petkovska I. Multiplexed sensitivity-encoding diffusion-weighted imaging (MUSE) in diffusion-weighted imaging for rectal MRI: a quantitative and qualitative analysis at multiple b-values. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2023;48(2):448–57.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Konar AS, Fung M, Paudyal R, Oh JH, Mazaheri Y, Hatzoglou V, et al. Diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging using multiplexed sensitivity encoding and reverse polarity gradient in head and neck cancer: an initial study. Tomography. 2020;6(2):231–40.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Q, Guo Y, Zhang J, Shi L, Ning H, Zhang X, et al. Utility of high b-value (2000 sec/mm2) DWI with RESOLVE in differentiating papillary thyroid carcinomas and papillary thyroid microcarcinomas from benign thyroid nodules. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(7): e0200270.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Q, Guo Y, Zhang J, Ning H, Zhang X, Lu Y, et al. Diagnostic value of high b-value (2000 s/mm2) DWI for thyroid micronodules. Med (Baltim). 2019;98(10): e14298.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhou X, Ma C, Wang Z, Liu J-L, Rui Y-P, Li Y-H, et al. Effect of region of interest on ADC and interobserver variability in thyroid nodules. BMC Med Imaging. 2019;19(1):55.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chakhoyan A, Woodworth DC, Harris RJ, Lai A, Nghiemphu PL, Liau LM, et al. Mono-exponential, diffusion kurtosis and stretched exponential diffusion MR imaging response to chemoradiation in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2018;139(3):651–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moon WJ. Measurement of signal-to-noise ratio in MR imaging with sensitivity encoding. Radiology. 2007;243(3):908–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dietrich O, Raya JG, Reeder SB, Reiser MF, Schoenberg SO. Measurement of signal-to-noise ratios in MR images: influence of multichannel coils, parallel imaging, and reconstruction filters. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;26(2):375–85.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fleiss JL. Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychol Bull. 1971;76(5):378–82.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kim TH, Baek MY, Park JE, Ryu YJ, Cheon JE, Kim IO, et al. Comparison of DWI methods in the pediatric brain: PROPELLER turbo spin-echo imaging versus readout-segmented echo-planar imaging versus single-shot echo-planar imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2018;210(6):1352–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou F, Li Q, Zhang X, Ma H, Zhang G, Du S, et al. Reproducibility and feasibility of optic nerve diffusion MRI techniques: single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI), readout-segmented EPI, and reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging. BMC Med Imaging. 2022;22(1):96.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Byeon J, Kim JY, Cho AH. Readout-segmented echo-planar imaging in diffusion-weighted MR imaging of acute infarction of the brainstem and posterior fossa: comparison of single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted sequences. Clin Imaging. 2015;39(5):765–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao M, Liu Z, Sha Y, Wang S, Ye X, Pan Y, et al. Readout-segmented echo-planar imaging in the evaluation of sinonasal lesions: a comprehensive comparison of image quality in single-shot echo-planar imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 2016;34(2):166–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baxter GC, Patterson AJ, Woitek R, Allajbeu I, Graves MJ, Gilbert F. Improving the image quality of DWI in breast cancer: comparison of multi-shot DWI using multiplexed sensitivity encoding to conventional single-shot echo-planar imaging DWI. Br J Radiol. 2021;94(1119):20200427.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Noda Y, Kanematsu M, Goshima S, Kondo H, Watanabe H, Kawada H, et al. MRI of the thyroid for differential diagnosis of benign thyroid nodules and papillary carcinomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;204(3):W332–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erdem G, Erdem T, Muammer H, Mutlu DY, Firat AK, Sahin I, et al. Diffusion-weighted images differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010;31(1):94–100.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu R, Jiang G, Gao P, Li G, Nie L, Yan J, et al. Non-invasive amide proton transfer imaging and ZOOM diffusion-weighted imaging in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid micronodules. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:747.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang H, Wei R, Liu W, Chen Y, Song B. Diagnostic efficacy of multiple MRI parameters in differentiating benign vs. malignant thyroid nodules. BMC Med Imaging. 2018;18(1):50.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu JH, Zeng W, Wu RG, Wang M, Ye F, Fu MY. Comparison of ultrasonography and CT for determining the preoperative benign or malignant nature of thyroid nodules: diagnostic performance according to calcification. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2020;19:1533033820948183.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meyer HJ, Wienke A, Surov A. Discrimination between malignant and benign thyroid tumors by diffusion-weighted imaging—a systematic review and meta analysis. Magn Reson Imaging. 2021;84:41–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed