Kiriakidou M, Ching CL. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(11):ITC81–96. https://doi.org/10.7326/aitc202006020.
Durcan L, O’Dwyer T, Petri M. Management strategies and future directions for systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. Lancet. 2019;393(10188):2332–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30237-5.
Agmon-Levin N, Mosca M, Petri M, Shoenfeld Y. Systemic lupus erythematosus one disease or many? Autoimmun Rev. 2012;11(8):593–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2011.10.020.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kaul A, Gordon C, Crow MK, Touma Z, Urowitz MB, van Vollenhoven R, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2016;2. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.39.
Bengtsson AA, Rönnblom L. Role of interferons in SLE. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2017;31(3):415–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2017.10.003.
Silverman GJ. The microbiome in SLE pathogenesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019;15(2):72–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-018-0152-z.
Tsokos GC. Autoimmunity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Immunol. 2020;21(6):605–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-0677-6.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tsokos GC, Lo MS, Reis PC, Sullivan KE. New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(12):716–30. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2016.186.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhang LS, Qing PY, Yang H, Wu YK, Liu Y, Luo YB. Gut microbiome and metabolites in systemic lupus erythematosus: link, mechanisms and intervention. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.686501.
Borchers AT, Keen CL, Shoenfeld Y, Gershwin ME. Surviving the butterfly and the wolf: mortality trends in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev. 2004;3(6):423–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2004.04.002.
Bernatsky S, Boivin JF, Joseph L, Manzi S, Ginzler E, Gladman DD, et al. Mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(8):2550–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.21955.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jorge AM, Lu N, Zhang YQ, Rai SK, Choi HK. Unchanging premature mortality trends in systemic lupus erythematosus: a general population-based study (1999–2014). Rheumatology. 2018;57(2):337–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kex412.
Xiang ST, Qu YQ, Qian SH, Wang RY, Wang Y, Jin YB, et al. Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and disruption of gut microbiota: a meta-analysis. Lupus Sci Med. 2022;9(1):e000599. https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-000599.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
De Luca F, Shoenfeld Y. The microbiome in autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol. 2019;195(1):74–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13158.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Saadat YR, Hejazian M, Bastami M, Khatibi SMH, Ardalan M, Vahed SZ. The role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of lupus: dose it impact lupus nephritis? Pharmacol Res. 2019;139:191–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.023.
Yaigoub H, Fath N, Tirichen H, Wu CX, Li RS, Li YF. Bidirectional crosstalk between dysbiotic gut microbiota and systemic lupus erythematosus: what is new in therapeutic approaches? Clinical Immunol. 2022;244:109109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2022.109109.
Zhang HS, Liao XF, Sparks JB. Luo XM Dynamics of gut microbiota in autoimmune lupus applied and environmental microbiology. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80(24):7551–60. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02676-14. The intestinal dysbiosis in lupus was reported for the first time in a murine model.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kim JW, Kwok SK, Choe JY, Park SH. Recent advances in our understanding of the link between the intestinal microbiota and systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(19):4871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194871.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Silverman GJ, Azzouz DF, Alekseyenko AV. Systemic lupus erythematosus and dysbiosis in the microbiome: cause or effect or both? Curr Opin Immunol. 2019;61:80–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2019.08.007.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Neuman H, Koren O. The gut microbiota: a possible factor influencing systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2017;29(4):374–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/bor.0000000000000395.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hevia A, Milani C, Lopez P, Cuervo A, Arboleya S, Duranti S, et al. Intestinal dysbiosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Mbio. 2014;5(5). https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01548-14. For the first time, next-generation sequencing approaches are used to characterize intestinal dysbiosis linked to SLE.
Gill SR, Pop M, DeBoy RT, Eckburg PB, Turnbaugh PJ, Samuel BS, et al. Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome. Science. 2006;312(5778):1355–9. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124234.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Round JL, Mazmanian SK. The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009;9(5):313–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2515.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Qin JJ, Li RQ, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. 2010;464(7285):59-U70. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08821.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Adak A, Khan MR. An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019;76(3):473–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-018-2943-4.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Weinstock GM. Genomic approaches to studying the human microbiota. Nature. 2012;489(7415):250–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11553.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Handelsman J. Metagenomics: Application of genomics to uncultured microorganisms. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2004;68(4):669. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.68.4.669-685.2004.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature. 2012;489(7415):220–30. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11550.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Savage DC. Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1977;31(1):107–33. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.31.100177.000543.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Macpherson AJ, Harris NL. Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4(6):478–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1373.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Are we really vastly outnumbered? Revisiting the ratio of bacterial to host cells in humans. Cell. 2016;164(3):337–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.013.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kamada N, Seo SU, Chen GY, Nunez G. Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13(5):321–35. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3430.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Backhed F, Ley RE, Sonnenburg JL, Peterson DA, Gordon JI. Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine. Science. 2005;307(5717):1915–20. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1104816.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Flint HJ, Scott KP, Louis P, Duncan SH. The role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;9(10):577–89. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2012.156.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hooper LV, Macpherson AJ. Immune adaptations that maintain homeostasis with the intestinal microbiota. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10(3):159–69. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2710.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rosser EC, Mauri C. A clinical update on the significance of the gut microbiota in systemic autoimmunity. J Autoimmun. 2016;74:85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2016.06.009.
Comments (0)