1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN

2Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

3Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Charity Medical Center, Cleveland, OH

4Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH

5Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Toledo, Toledo

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

A. Beran, M. Mhanna, and W. Sayeh conceived and designed the study, drafted the manuscript, and critically revised the manuscript. R. Musallam, S. Ghazaleh, and Z. Abuhelwa screened the literature and collected the data. RA critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

This study was deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Toledo, as it was a meta-analysis of published studies that included deidentified patient information.

The authors declare that all the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the manuscript.