Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT-4, an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) language model, on the Ophthalmology Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) examination compared to its predecessor, ChatGPT-3.5.

Methods: Both models were tested on 180 OKAP practice questions covering various ophthalmology subject categories.

Results: ChatGPT-4 significantly outperformed ChatGPT-3.5 (81% vs. 57%; p<0.001), indicating improvements in medical knowledge assessment.

Discussion: The superior performance of ChatGPT-4 suggests potential applicability in ophthalmologic education and clinical decision support systems. Future research should focus on refining AI models, ensuring a balanced representation of fundamental and specialized knowledge, and determining the optimal method of integrating AI into medical education and practice.

Received: 13 April 2023

Accepted: 10 August 2023

Article published online:
11 September 2023

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