Yadlapati R, Kahrilas PJ, Fox MR, et al. Esophageal motility disorders on high-resolution manometry: Chicago classification version 4.0((c)). Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021;33(1):e14058. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14058.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sonnenberg A. Hospitalization for achalasia in the United States 1997–2006. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(8):1680–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-009-0863-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gennaro N, Portale G, Gallo C, et al. Esophageal achalasia in the Veneto region: epidemiology and treatment. Epidemiology and treatment of achalasia. J Gastrointest Surg. 2011;15(3):423–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-010-1392-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mari A, Sbeit W, Abboud W, Awadie H, Khoury T. Achalasia in the elderly: diagnostic approach and a proposed treatment algorithm based on a comprehensive literature review. J Clin Med. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235565.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim DH, Jung H-Y. The long-term outcome of balloon dilation versus botulinum toxin injection in patients with primary achalasia. Korean J Intern Med. 2014;29(6):727–9. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2014.29.6.727.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao H, Wan XJ, Yang CQ. Comparison of endoscopic balloon dilation with metal stent placement in the treatment of achalasia. J Dig Dis. 2015;16(6):311–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-2980.12241.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inoue H, Minami H, Kobayashi Y, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal achalasia. Endoscopy. 2010;42(4):265–71. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1244080.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Okada H, Shiwaku H, Ohmiya T, Shiwaku A, Hasegawa S. Efficacy and safety of peroral endoscopic myotomy in 100 older patients. Esophagus. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10388-021-00881-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ujiie N, Sato C, Taniyama Y, et al. Characteristics of esophageal achalasia in geriatric patients over 75 years of age and outcomes after peroral endoscopic myotomy. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2021;21(9):788–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14235.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu XY, Cheng J, Chen WF, et al. Effect of peroral endoscopic myotomy in geriatric patients: a propensity score matching study. Surg Endosc. 2020;34(7):2911–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-07070-9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanaka MR, Chadalavada P, Alomari M, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy is a safe and effective treatment modality for geriatric patients with achalasia. Esophagus. 2020;17(4):484–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10388-020-00746-5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li C-J, Tan Y-Y, Wang X-H, Liu D-L. Peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia in patients aged≥ 65 years. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(30):9175–81. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i30.9175.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Tan Y, Lv L, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy versus pneumatic dilation for achalasia in patients aged ≥ 65 years. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2016;108(10):637–41. https://doi.org/10.17235/reed.2016.4488/2016.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abe H, Tanaka S, Kawara F, et al. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy between octogenarians and non-octogenarians. Dig Endosc. 2021;33(1):110–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/den.13686.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Y-I, Inoue H, Ujiki M, et al. An international multicenter study evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of per-oral endoscopic myotomy in octogenarians. Gastrointest Endosc. 2018;87(4):956–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2017.02.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McKay SC, Dunst CM, Sharata AM, et al. POEM: clinical outcomes beyond 5 years. Surg Endosc. 2021;35(10):5709–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-08031-3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khashab MA, Vela MF, Thosani N, et al. ASGE guideline on the management of achalasia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2020;91(2):213-227 e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2019.04.231.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bechara R, Ikeda H, Inoue H. Peroral endoscopic myotomy: an evolving treatment for achalasia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12(7):410–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.87.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nabi Z, Reddy DN, Ramchandani M. Adverse events during and after per-oral endoscopic myotomy: prevention, diagnosis, and management. Gastrointest Endosc. 2018;87(1):4–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2017.09.029.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Urbach DR, Tomlinson GA, Harnish JL, Martino R, Diamant NE. A measure of disease-specific health-related quality of life for achalasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(8):1668–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.50141.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jonasson C, Wernersson B, Hoff DA, Hatlebakk JG. Validation of the GerdQ questionnaire for the diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37(5):564–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.12204.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vaezi MF, Pandolfino JE, Yadlapati RH, Greer KB, Kavitt RT. ACG clinical guidelines: diagnosis and management of achalasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(9):1393–411. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000731.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jones R, Junghard O, Dent J, et al. Development of the GerdQ, a tool for the diagnosis and management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;30(10):1030–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04142.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tang X, Ren Y, Gao Q, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy is safe and effective in achalasia patients aged older than 60 years compared with younger patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017;17(12):2407–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13083.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ujiie N, Sato H, Fujiyoshi MRA, et al. Geriatric patients with esophageal motility disorders benefit more from minimally invasive peroral endoscopic myotomy: a multicenter study in Japan. Dis Esophagus. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/dote/doab086.

Article  Google Scholar 

Teitelbaum EN, Dunst CM, Reavis KM, et al. Clinical outcomes five years after POEM for treatment of primary esophageal motility disorders. Surg Endosc. 2018;32(1):421–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-017-5699-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

AbiMansour JP, Ichkhanian Y, Minami H, et al. Durability of per-oral endoscopic myotomy beyond 6 years. Endosc Int Open. 2021;9(11):E1595–601. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1553-9846.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peng D, Tan Y, Li C, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy for pediatric achalasia: a retrospective analysis of 21 cases with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Original research. Front Pediatr. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.845103.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kurian AA, Dunst CM, Sharata A, Bhayani NH, Reavis KM, Swanström LL. Peroral endoscopic esophageal myotomy: defining the learning curve. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;77(5):719–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2012.12.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Z, Zhang X, Zhang W, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of the learning curve for peroral endoscopic myotomy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Prac J Am Gastroenterol Assoc. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2017.11.048.

Article  Google Scholar 

Li QL, Wu QN, Zhang XC, et al. Outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy for treatment of esophageal achalasia with a median follow-up of 49 months. Gastrointest Endosc. 2018;87(6):1405-1412 e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2017.10.031.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu ZQ, Li QL, Chen WF, et al. The effect of prior treatment on clinical outcomes in patients with achalasia undergoing peroral endoscopic myotomy. Endoscopy. 2019;51(4):307–16. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0658-5783.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ren Y, Tang X, Chen Y, et al. Pre-treatment Eckardt score is a simple factor for predicting one-year peroral endoscopic myotomy failure in patients with achalasia. Surg Endosc. 2017;31(8):3234–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-016-5352-5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yeniova AO, Yoo IK, Jeong E, Cho JY. Comparison of peroral endoscopic myotomy between de-novo achalasia and achalasia with prior treatment. Surg Endosc. 2021;35(1):200–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-07380-3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nabi Z, Ramchandani M, Chavan R, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy in treatment-naïve achalasia patients versus prior treatment failure cases. Endoscopy. 2018;50(4):358–70. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-121632.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Q-L, Yao L-Q, Xu X-Y, et al. Repeat peroral endoscopic myotomy: a salvage option for persistent/recurrent symptoms. Endoscopy. 2016;48(2):134–40. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1393095.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar