Veasey SC, Rosen IM. Obstructive sleep apnea in adults. New Engl J Med. 2019;380(15):1442–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel SR. Obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Intern Med. 2019;171(11):C81.

Article  Google Scholar 

Benjafield AV, Ayas NT, Eastwood PR, et al. Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(8):687–98.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lim DC, Pack AI. Obstructive sleep apnea: update and future. Annu Rev Med. 2017;68(1):99–112.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martinot JB, Le-Dong NN, Malhotra A, et al. Respiratory effort during sleep and prevalent hypertension in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 2022;61:2201486.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tondo P, Fanfulla F, Scioscia G, et al. The burden of respiratory alterations during sleep on comorbidities in obstructive sleep apnoea (osa). Brain Sci. 2022;12(10):1359.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shnaimer JA, Dahlan HM, Hanbashi FM, et al. Assessment of the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea among patients with type 2 diabetes and its associated factors using the stop-bang questionnaire: a cross-sectional study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2022;17(4):606–13.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nacafaliyev V, Ortan P, Sayin SS. Relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and silent brain infarction. Postgrad Med J. 2022;99:731–5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Fan J, Guo R, et al. Association of obstructive sleep apnoea with cardiovascular events in women and men with acute coronary syndrome. Eur Respir J. 2023;61(1):2201110.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gleeson M, McNicholas WT. Bidirectional relationships of comorbidity with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir Rev. 2022;31(164): 210256.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Akset M, Poppe KG, Kleynen P, et al. Endocrine disorders in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: a bidirectional relationship. Clin Endocrinol. 2023;98(1):3–13.

Article  Google Scholar 

Scrutinio D, Guida P, Aliani M, et al. Age and comorbidities are crucial predictors of mortality in severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Eur J Intern Med. 2021;90:71–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jennum P, Coaquira Castro J, Mettam S, et al. Socioeconomic and humanistic burden of illness of excessive daytime sleepiness severity associated with obstructive sleep apnoea in the european union 5. Sleep Med. 2021;84:46–55.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Z, Li D, Chen R, et al. Cell death regulation: a new way for natural products to treat osteoporosis. Pharmacol Res. 2023;187: 106635.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Compston JE, McClung MR, Leslie WD. Osteoporosis. Lancet. 2019;393(10169):364–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma Y, Qiu S, Zhou R. Osteoporosis in patients with respiratory diseases. Front Physiol. 2022;13: 939253.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Upala S, Sanguankeo A, Congrete S. Association between obstructive sleep apnea and osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;14(3): e36317.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Eimar H, Saltaji H, Ghorashi S, et al. Association between sleep apnea and low bone mass in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporosis Int. 2017;28(6):1835–52.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang C, Zhang Z, Zheng Z, et al. Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and osteoporosis adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1013771.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ken Dror G, Fry CH, Murray P, et al. Changes in cortisol levels by continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: meta-analysis of 637 individuals. Clin Endocrinol. 2021;95(6):909–17.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cardoso C, Salles GF. Prognostic importance of obstructive sleep apnea and cpap treatment for cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in patients with resistant hypertension: a prospective cohort study. Hypertens Res. 2023;46:1020–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(9):603–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yen C, Kuo C, Lin M, et al. Sleep disorders increase the risk of osteoporosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Sleep Med. 2014;15(11):1339–44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Weng S, Shen Y, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of osteoporosis: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(7):2441–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Terzi R, Yılmaz Z. Bone mineral density and changes in bone metabolism in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Bone Miner Metab. 2016;34(4):475–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aslan SH, Yosunkaya S, Kiyici A, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome may be a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis in men at an early age? Türk Fiz Tip Rehab Derg. 2015;61(3):216–22.

Google Scholar 

Qiao Y, Wang B, Yang J, et al. Bone metabolic markers in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chin Med J-Peking. 2018;131(16):1898–903.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pazarli AC, Ekiz T, İnönü KH. Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin d and bone mineral density in people with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Clin Densitom. 2019;22(1):39–46.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma X, Wang Y, Sun Y. Imbalance of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand and oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Chinese Med J-Peking. 2019;132(1):25–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Vilovic M, Dogas Z, Ticinovic KT, et al. Bone metabolism parameters and inactive matrix Gla protein in patients with obstructive sleep apneadagger. Sleep. 2020;43(3):1–8.

Google Scholar 

Huang T, Tworoger SS, Redline S, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and risk for incident vertebral and hip fracture in women. J Bone Miner Res. 2020;35(11):2143–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sadaf S, Shameem M, Siddiqi SS, et al. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on bone mineral density. Turkish Thoracic J. 2021;22(4):301–10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tomiyama H, Okazaki R, Inoue D, et al. Link between obstructive sleep apnea and increased bone resorption in men. Osteoporosis Int. 2008;19(8):1185–92.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang TY, Lo YL, Chou PC, et al. Associated bone mineral density and obstructive sleep apnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:231–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao J, Wang B, Huang J, et al. Assessment of bone mineral density and bone metabolism in young men with obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study. Bmc Musculoskel Dis. 2022;23(1):682.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sforza E, Thomas T, Barthélémy J, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with preserved bone mineral density in healthy elderly subjects. Sleep. 2013;36(10):1509–15.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen D, Huang J, Lin Q, et al. Relationship between serum adiponectin and bone mineral density in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath. 2017;21(2):557–64.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sforza E, Saint Martin M, Thomas T, et al. Risk factors of osteoporosis in healthy elderly with unrecognized obstructive sleep apnea: role of physical activity. Sleep Med. 2016;2016(22):25–32.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang T, Lin BM, Markt SC, et al. Sex differences in the associations of obstructive sleep apnoea with epidemiological factors. Eur Respir J. 2018;51(3):1702421.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar