Biver E, Calmy A, Aubry-Rozier B, Birkhauser M, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Ferrari S, et al. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bone fragility in people living with HIV: a position statement from the Swiss Association against Osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(5):1125–35.

Shah SP, Penn K, Kaplan SJ, Vrablik M, Jablonowski K, Pham TN, et al. Comparison of bedside screening methods for frailty assessment in older adult trauma patients in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37(1):12–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jochem C, Leitzmann M, Volaklis K, Aune D, Strasser B. Association Between Muscular Strength and Mortality in Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2019/10/01/ 2019;20(10):1213–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.05.015.

Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age and Ageing. 2019;48(1):16–31.

Landi F, Calvani R, Cesari M, Tosato M, Martone AM, Bernabei R, et al. Sarcopenia as the biological substrate of physical frailty. Clin Geriatr Med. 2015;31(3):367–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mijnarends DM, Schols JM, Meijers JM, Tan FE, Verlaan S, Luiking YC, et al. Instruments to assess sarcopenia and physical frailty in older people living in a community (care) setting: similarities and discrepancies. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(4):301–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Walston J, Bandeen-Roche K, Buta B, Bergman H, Gill TM, Morley JE, et al. Moving Frailty Toward Clinical Practice: NIA Intramural Frailty Science Symposium Summary. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(8):1559–64.

McLean RR, Shardell MD, Alley DE, Cawthon PM, Fragala MS, Harris TB, et al. Criteria for clinically relevant weakness and low lean mass and their longitudinal association with incident mobility impairment and mortality: the foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) sarcopenia project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(5):576–83.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alley DE, Shardell MD, Peters KW, McLean RR, Dam TT, Kenny AM, et al. Grip strength cutpoints for the identification of clinically relevant weakness. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(5):559–66.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146–56.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Studenski SA, Peters KW, Alley DE, Cawthon PM, McLean RR, Harris TB, et al. The FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(5):547–58.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dodds RM, Syddall HE, Cooper R, Kuh D, Cooper C, Sayer AA. Global variation in grip strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis of normative data. Age Ageing. 2016;45(2):209–16.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Andersen-Ranberg K, Petersen I, Frederiksen H, Mackenbach JP, Christensen K. Cross-national differences in grip strength among 50+ year-old Europeans: results from the SHARE study. Eur J Ageing. 2009;6(3):227–36.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, Patel HP, Syddall H, Cooper C, et al. A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing. 2011;40(4):423–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stuck AK, Mäder NC, Bertschi D, Limacher A, Kressig RW. Performance of the EWGSOP2 Cut-Points of Low Grip Strength for Identifying Sarcopenia and Frailty Phenotype: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Inpatients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(7):3498.

Stuck AK, Tsai LT, Freystaetter G, Vellas B, Kanis JA, Rizzoli R, et al. Comparing Prevalence of sarcopenia using twelve sarcopenia definitions in a large multinational european population of community-dwelling older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2023;27(3):205–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dodds RM, Syddall HE, Cooper R, Benzeval M, Deary IJ, Dennison EM, et al. Grip strength across the life course: normative data from twelve British studies. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12): e113637.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sousa-Santos AR, Amaral TF. Differences in handgrip strength protocols to identify sarcopenia and frailty - a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):238.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manini TM, Patel SM, Newman AB, Travison TG, Kiel DP, Shardell MD, et al. Identification of sarcopenia components that discriminate slow walking speed: a pooled data analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(7):1419–28.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sipers WM, Verdijk LB, Sipers SJ, Schols JM, van Loon LJ. The martin vigorimeter represents a reliable and more practical tool than the jamar dynamometer to assess handgrip strength in the geriatric patient. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(5):466.e1-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Dobbeleer L, Theou O, Beyer I, Jones GR, Jakobi JM, Bautmans I. Martin Vigorimeter assesses muscle fatigability in older adults better than the Jamar Dynamometer. Exp Gerontol. 2018;111:65–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Neumann S, Kwisda S, Krettek C, Gaulke R. Comparison of the Grip Strength Using the Martin-Vigorimeter and the JAMAR-Dynamometer: Establishment of Normal Values. In vivo (Athens, Greece). 2017;31(5):917–24.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Molino CdGRC, Rival S, Vellas B, Rizzoli R, Kressig RW, et al. DO-HEALTH: Vitamin D3 - Omega3 - Home exercise - Healthy aging and longevity trial - Design of a multinational clinical trial on healthy aging among European seniors. Contemporary clinical trials. 2021;100:106124.

Schietzel S, Chocano-Bedoya PO, Sadlon A, Gagesch M, Willett WC, Orav EJ, et al. Prevalence of healthy aging among community dwelling adults age 70 and older from five European countries. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):174.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, et al. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol. 1994;49(2):M85-94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bohannon RW, Magasi SR, Bubela DJ, Wang Y-C, Gershon RC. Grip and knee extension muscle strength reflect a common construct among adults. Muscle Nerve. 2012;46(4):555–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bohannon RW. Considerations and practical options for measuring muscle strength: a narrative review. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:8194537.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, Romero L, Heymsfield SB, Ross RR, et al. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147(8):755–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Portney LG, Watkins MP. eds. Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice, 3e. McGraw Hill; 2017. https://fadavispt.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1987&sectionid=149502242.

Desrosiers J, Hebert R, Bravo G, Dutil E. Comparison of the Jamar dynamometer and the Martin vigorimeter for grip strength measurements in a healthy elderly population. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1995;27(3):137–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel SM, Duchowny KA, Kiel DP, Correa-de-Araujo R, Fielding RA, Travison T, et al. Sarcopenia definition & outcomes consortium defined low grip strength in two cross-sectional. Pop Based Cohorts. 2020;68(7):1438–44.

Google Scholar