Stravitz RT, Lee WM. Acute liver failure. Lancet. 2019;394(10201):869–81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu YH, Hu SQ, Liu J, Cao HC, Xu W, Li YJ, et al. Nature and mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide challenge in mice. Int J Mol Med. 2014;33(6):1498–506.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li H, Zhao XK, Cheng YJ, Zhang Q, Wu J, Lu S, et al. Gasdermin D-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis expands inflammatory responses that aggravate acute liver failure by upregulating monocyte chemotactic protein 1/CC chemokine receptor-2 to recruit macrophages. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(44):6527–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Siregar AS, Nyiramana MM, Kim EJ, Cho SB, Woo MS, Lee DK, et al. Oyster-Derived Tyr-Ala (YA) Peptide prevents lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced acute liver failure by suppressing inflammatory, apoptotic, ferroptotic, and pyroptotic signals. Mar Drugs. 2021;19(11):614.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Emma MR, Augello G, Cusimano A, Azzolina A, Montalto G, McCubrey JA, et al. GSK-3 in liver diseases: friend or foe? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2020;1867(9): 118743.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Q, Telezhkin V, Jiang W, Gu Y, Wang Y, Hong W, et al. Electric field stimulation boosts neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells for spinal cord injury treatment via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin activation. Cell Biosci. 2023;13(1):4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wei B, Liu W, Jin L, Guo S, Fan H, Jin F, et al. Dexmedetomidine inhibits Gasdermin D-Induced Pyroptosis via the PI3K/AKT/GSK3beta pathway to attenuate neuroinflammation in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Front Cell Neurosci. 2022;16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jiang YJ, Jin J, Nan QY, Ding J, Cui S, Xuan MY, et al. Coenzyme Q10 attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting RIP1-RIP3-MLKL-mediated necroinflammation via Wnt3alpha/beta-catenin/GSK-3beta signaling in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022;108: 108868.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang S, Wang Y, Xie S, Lai Y, Mo C, Zeng T, et al. Hepatic TGFbetar1 deficiency attenuates Lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure through inhibiting GSK3beta-Nrf2-Mediated hepatocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;13(6):1649–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ciotti S, Iuliano L, Cefalu S, Comelli M, Mavelli I, Di Giorgio E, et al. GSK3beta is a key regulator of the ROS-dependent necrotic death induced by the quinone DMNQ. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11(1):2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Zhu YM, Guo Y, Lin L, Wang ZX, Gu F, et al. Inhibition of GSK3beta and RIP1K attenuates glial scar formation induced by ischemic stroke via reduction of inflammatory cytokine production. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:812.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lv H, Hong L, Tian Y, Yin C, Zhu C, Feng H. Corilagin alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via enhancing the AMPK/GSK3β-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal. 2019;17(1):2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Karki R, Sharma BR, Lee E, Banoth B, Malireddi RKS, Samir P, et al. Interferon regulatory factor 1 regulates PANoptosis to prevent colorectal cancer. 2020;5(12):e136720.

Malireddi RKS, Kesavardhana S, Kanneganti TD. ZBP1 and TAK1: master regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome/Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis (PAN-optosis). Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:406.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lin JF, Hu PS, Wang YY, Tan YT, Yu K, Liao K, et al. Phosphorylated NFS1 weakens oxaliplatin-based chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer by preventing PANoptosis. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Samir P, Malireddi RKS, Kanneganti TD. The PANoptosome: a deadly protein complex driving Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis (PANoptosis). Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:238.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sun W, Zhang N, Liu B, Yang J, Loers G, Siebert HC, et al. HDAC3 Inhibitor RGFP966 ameliorated neuroinflammation in the Cuprizone-Induced demyelinating mouse model and LPS-Stimulated BV2 Cells by Downregulating the P2X7R/STAT3/NF-kappaB65/NLRP3 Activation. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2022;13(17):2579–98.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gallot YS, McMillan JD, Xiong G, Bohnert KR, Straughn AR, Hill BG, et al. Distinct roles of TRAF6 and TAK1 in the regulation of adipocyte survival, thermogenesis program, and high-fat diet-induced obesity. Oncotarget. 2017;8(68):112565–83.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu H, Yang TY, Li Y, Ye WL, Liu F, He XS, et al. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis by interacting with histone deacetylase 3 to Enhance c-Myc gene expression and protein stability. Hepatology. 2020;71(1):148–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ge P, Yao X, Li J, Jiang R, Dai J, Zhang L. Diminazene aceturate alleviated lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatitis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;98:142–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jeong YH, Kim TI, Oh YC, Ma JY. Lysimachiae herba inhibits inflammatory reactions and improves lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-induced hepatic injury. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(9):1387.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen Q, Wang Y, Jiao FZ, Shi CX, Gong ZJ. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor ACY1215 offers a protective effect through the autophagy pathway in acute liver failure. Life Sci. 2019;238: 116976.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Chen Q, Jiao F, Shi C, Pei M, Wang L, et al. Histone deacetylase 2 regulates ULK1 mediated pyroptosis during acute liver failure by the K68 acetylation site. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12(1):55.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li L, Yin H, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Duan C, Liu J, et al. Protective role of puerarin on LPS/D-Gal induced acute liver injury via restoring autophagy. Am J Transl Res. 2018;10(3):957–65.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Chen Q, Shi C, Jiao F, Gong Z. Mechanism of glycyrrhizin on ferroptosis during acute liver failure by inhibiting oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep. 2019;20(5):4081–90.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang L, Du F, Wang X. TNF-alpha induces two distinct caspase-8 activation pathways. Cell. 2008;133(4):693–703.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li J, McQuade T, Siemer AB, Napetschnig J, Moriwaki K, Hsiao YS, et al. The RIP1/RIP3 necrosome forms a functional amyloid signaling complex required for programmed necrosis. Cell. 2012;150(2):339–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Naito MG, Xu D, Amin P, Lee J, Wang H, Li W, et al. Sequential activation of necroptosis and apoptosis cooperates to mediate vascular and neural pathology in stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(9):4959–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhan C, Huang M, Yang X, Hou J. MLKL: Functions beyond serving as the Executioner of Necroptosis. Theranostics. 2021;11(10):4759–69.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shi J, Zhao Y, Wang K, Shi X, Wang Y, Huang H, et al. Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death. Nature. 2015;526(7575):660–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malireddi RKS, Gurung P, Kesavardhana S, Samir P, Burton A, Mummareddy H, et al. Innate immune priming in the absence of TAK1 drives RIPK1 kinase activity-independent pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammatory disease. J Exp Med. 2020;217(3):jem.20191644.

Wang W, Gao W, Zhu Q, Alasbahi A, Seki E, Yang L. TAK1: A Molecular Link Between Liver Inflammation, Fibrosis, Steatosis, and Carcinogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9: 734749.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Neumann D. Is TAK1 a direct upstream kinase of AMPK? Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(8):2412.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tan S, Zhao J, Sun Z, Cao S, Niu K, Zhong Y, et al. Hepatocyte-specific TAK1 deficiency drives RIPK1 kinase-dependent inflammation to promote liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(25):14231–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lamothe B, Lai Y, Xie M, Schneider MD, Darnay BG. TAK1 is essential for osteoclast differentiation and is an important modulator of cell death by apoptosis and necroptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 2013;33(3):582–95.