Oyeniyi BT, Fox EE, Scerbo M, Tomasek JS, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Trends in 1029 trauma deaths at a level 1 trauma center. Injury. 2017;48:5–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Evans CCD, Li W, Seitz D. Injury-related deaths in the Ontario provincial trauma system: a retrospective population-based cohort analysis. CMAJ Open. 2021;9:E208–14.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cayten CG, Stahl WM, Agarwal N, Murphy JG. Analyses of preventable deaths by mechanism of injury among 13,500 trauma admissions. Ann Surg. 1991;214:510–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sauaia A, Moore FA, Moore EE, Moser KS, Brenna R, Robert A, Pons PT. Epidemiology of trauma deaths: a reassessment. J Trauma. 1995;38:185–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tieu BH, Holcomb JB, Schreiber MA. Coagulopathy: its pathophysiology and treatment in the injured patient. World J Surg. 2007;31:1055–65.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Niles SE, McLaughlin DF, Perkins JG, Wade CE, Li Y, Spinella PC, Holcomb JB. Increased mortality associated with the early coagulopathy of trauma in combat casualties. J Trauma. 2008;64:1459–65.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

MacLeod JBA, Lynn M, McKenney MG, Cohn SM, Murtha M. Early coagulopathy predicts mortality in trauma. J Trauma. 2003;55:39–44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brohi K, Singh J, Heron M, Coats T. Acute traumatic coagulopathy. J Trauma. 2003;54:1127–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Langan NR, Eckert M, Martin MJ. Changing patterns of in-hospital deaths following implementation of damage control resuscitation practices in US forward military treatment facilities. JAMA Surg. 2014;149:904–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holcomb JB, Jenkins D, Rhee P, Johannigman J, Mahoney P, Mehta S, Cox ED, Gehrke MJ, Beilman GJ, Schreiber M. Damage control resuscitation: directly addressing the early coagulopathy of trauma. J Trauma. 2007;62:307–10.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cinat ME, Wallace WC, Nastanski F, West J, Sloan S, Ocariz J, Wilson SE. Improved survival following massive transfusion in patients who have undergone trauma. Arch Surg. 1999;134:964–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Itagaki Y, Hayakawa M, Maekawa K, et al. Early administration of fibrinogen concentrate is associated with improved survival among severe trauma patients: a single-centre propensity score-matched analysis. World J Emerg Surg. 2020;15:7–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Franchini M, Lippi G. Fibrinogen replacement therapy: a critical review of the literature. Blood Transfus. 2012;10:23–7.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peng HT, Nascimento B, Tien H, Callum J, Rizoli S, Rhind SG, Beckett A. A comparative study of viscoelastic hemostatic assays and conventional coagulation tests in trauma patients receiving fibrinogen concentrate. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;495:253–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leeper CM, Gaines BA. Viscoelastic hemostatic assays in the management of the pediatric trauma patient. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2017;26:8–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tauber H, Innerhofer P, Breitkopf R, Westermann T, Beer R, El Attal R, Strasak A, Mittermayr M. Prevalence and impact of abnormal ROTEM® assays in severe blunt trauma: results of the ‘diagnosis and treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy (DIA-TRE-TIC) study.’ British J Anaesthesia BJA. 2011;107:378–87.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Veigas PV, Callum J, Rizoli S, Nascimento B, da Luz LT. A systematic review on the rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM®) values for the diagnosis of coagulopathy, prediction and guidance of blood transfusion and prediction of mortality in trauma patients. Scandinavian J Trauma Resuscitation Emerg Med. 2016;24:114–114.

Article  Google Scholar 

Meco M, Montisci A, Giustiniano E, et al. Viscoelastic blood tests use in adult cardiac surgery: meta-analysis, meta-regression, and trial sequential analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020;34:119–27.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peltan ID, Vande Vusse LK, Maier RV, Watkins TR. An international normalized ratio-based definition of acute traumatic coagulopathy is associated with mortality, venous thromboembolism, and multiple organ failure after injury. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(7):1429–38.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Da Luz LT, Nascimento B, Shankarakutty AK, Rizoli S, Adhikari NK. Effect of thromboelastography (TEG®) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) on diagnosis of coagulopathy, transfusion guidance and mortality in trauma: descriptive systematic review. Critical Care. 2014;18:518–518.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bugaev N, Como JJ, Golani G, Freeman JJ, Sawhney JS, Vatsaas CJ, Yorkgitis BK, Kreiner LA, Garcia NM, Aziz HA. Thromboelastography and rotational thromboelastometry in bleeding patients with coagulopathy: practice management guideline from the eastern association for the surgery of trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;89:999–1017.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Curry NS, Davenport RA, Hunt BJ, Stanworth SJ. Transfusion strategies for traumatic coagulopathy. Blood Rev. 2012;26:223–32.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karkouti K, Callum J, Crowther MA, McCluskey SA, Pendergrast J, Tait G, Yau TM, Beattie WS. The relationship between fibrinogen levels after cardiopulmonary bypass and large volume red cell transfusion in cardiac surgery: an observational study. Anesth Analg. 2013;117:14–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Charbit B, Mandelbrot L, Samain E, Baron G, Haddaoui B, Keita H, Sibony O, Mahieu-Caputo D, Hurtaud-Roux MF, Huisse MG, Denninger MH, de Prost D, Group PPHS. The decrease of fibrinogen is an early predictor of the severity of postpartum hemorrhage. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5: 266–73.

Gando S, Hayakawa M. Pathophysiology of trauma-induced coagulopathy and management of critical bleeding requiring massive transfusion. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2016;2015(42):155–65.

Google Scholar