Modeling Complex Verbal Relations within Racial Stereotyping: A Translational Analysis of Relational Density

Adjapong, E., & Levy, I. (2020). Hip-hop can heal: Addressing mental health through hip-hop in the urban classroom. The New Educator, 1–22.

Barnes-Holmes, D., Murphy, A., Barnes-Holmes, Y., & Stewart, I. (2010). The implicit relational assessment procedure: Exploring the impact of private versus public contexts and the response latency criterion on pro-white and anti-Black stereotyping among white Irish individuals. The Psychological Record, 60, 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395694

Article  Google Scholar 

Barnes-Holmes, Y., McEnteggart, & Barnes Holmes, D. (2022). Recent conceptual and empirical advances in RFT: Implications for developing process-based assessments and interventions. https://go-rft.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Recent-Conceptual-and-Empirical-Advances-in-RFT.pdf

Belisle, J., & Dixon, M. R. (2020). Relational density theory: nonlinearity of equivalence relation examined through higher-order volumetric-mass-density. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 43(2), 259–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-020-00248-w

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Belisle, J., & Clayton, M. (2021). Coherence and the merging of relational classes in self-organizing networks: Extending relational density theory. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 20, 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.03.008

Article  Google Scholar 

Belisle, J., & Dixon, M. R. (2022). Relational behavior and ACT: A dynamic relationship. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 15, 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-021-00599-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belisle, J., Payne, A., & Paliliunas, D. (2022a). A socio-behavioral model of racism against the black community and avenues for anti-racism research. Behavior Analysis in Practice. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-022-00702-y

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Belisle, J., Sickman, E., Sellers, B., & Hutchison, L. (2022b). Translational applications of relational density: gender and racial prejudice [Zoom]. https://contextualscience.org/video/translational_applications_of_relational_density

Benjamin, R. (2019). Assessing risk, automating racism. Science, 366(6464), 421–422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz3873

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bobo, J. D. & Thompson, V. (2006). Unfair by design: the war on drugs, race, and the legitimacy of the criminal justice system. Social Research 73(2) 445–472. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971832

Borg, I., & Groenen, P. J. (2005). Modern multidimensional scaling: Theory and applications. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.

Braveman, P. A., Arkin, E., Proctor, D., & Holm, N. (2022). Health Affairs, 41(2), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01394

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown, K., & Jackson, D. D. (2013). The history and conceptual elements of critical race theory. In Handbook of critical race theory in education (pp. 29–42). Routledge. https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203155721.ch1

Carbado, D. W., & Roithmayr, D. (2014). Critical race theory meets social science. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 10, 149–167.

Article  Google Scholar 

Catania, A. C. (2017). The ABCs of behavior analysis. Sloan.

Google Scholar 

Clayton, M. C., & Hayes, L. J. (2004). A comparison of match-to-sample and respondent-type training of equivalence classes. The Psychological Record, 54, 579–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395493

Article  Google Scholar 

Cowie, S. (2019). Some weaknesses of a response-strength account of reinforcer effects. European Journal of Behavior Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2019.1685247

Article  Google Scholar 

Cruz, D., & Palmer, L. (2015). A quasi-experimental analysis of race-related stress and physical health disorders in ethnic minority adults. Journal of Behavioral and Neuroscience Research, 12(1), 32–39.

Google Scholar 

David, E. J. R., Schroeder, T. M., & Fernandez, J. (2019). Internalized racism: A systematic review of the psychological literature on racism’s most insidious consequence. Journal of Social Issues, 75(4), 1057–1086. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12350

Article  Google Scholar 

DeCarlo, A., & Hockman, E. (2004). RAP therapy: A group work intervention method for urban adolescents. Social work with Groups, 26(3), 45–59.

Article  Google Scholar 

Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory (3rd edn). New York University Press.

Dixon, M., Belisle, J., Rehfeldt, R., & Root, W. (2018). Why we are still not acting to save the world: the upward challenge of a post-Skinnerian behavior science. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 41(1), 241–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-018-0162-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dixon, M. R., Hayes, S. C., & Belisle, J. (2023). Acceptance and commitment therapy for behavior analysts: A practice guide from theory to treatment. Taylor & Francis.

Book  Google Scholar 

Elligan, D. (2000). Rap therapy: A culturally sensitive approach to psychotherapy with young African American men. Journal of African American Men, 27–36.

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2021). Hate crime statistics: Incidents and offenses. https://crime-data-explorer.app.cloud.gov/pages/home

Finn, M., Barnes-Holmes, D., & McEnteggart, C. (2017). Exploring the single-trial-type-dominance-effect in the IRAP: Developing a differential arbitrarily applicable relational responding effects (DAARRE) model. The Psychological Record, 68(1), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-017-0262-z

Article  Google Scholar 

Gotham, K. F. (2002). Race, real estate, and uneven development: The Kansas City experience, 1900-2000.  Albany: SUNY Press.

Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1464–1480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Greenwald, A. G., Oakes, M. A., & Hoffman, H. G. (2003). Targets of discrimination: Effects of race on responses to weapons holders. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(4), 399–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00020-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Hayes, S. C., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Roche, B. (Eds.). (2001). Relational frame theory: A post-skinnerian account of human language and cognition. Plenum Press.

Google Scholar 

Hintze, J. L. (2007). Multidimensional scaling. In NCSS user’s guide IV: Multivariate analysis, clustering, metanalysis, forecasting/time series, operations research, mass appraisal. NCSS. https://www.ncss.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/NCSSUG4.pdf

Hoffman, K. M., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, M. N. (2016). Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(16), 4296–4301. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516047113

Article  Google Scholar 

Hout, M. C., Papesh, M. H., & Goldinger, S. D. (2013). Multidimensional scaling. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 4(1), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1203

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keller, F. S., & Schoenfeld, W. N. (1950). Principles of psychology. Appleton Century Croft.

Kruskal, J. B. (1964). Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika, 29(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289565

Article  Google Scholar 

Lett, E., Asabor, E. N., Corbin, T., & Boatright, D. (2021). Racial inequity in fatal US police shootings, 2015–2020. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 75(4), 394–397. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-215097

Article  Google Scholar 

Massey, D. S., Rugh, J. S., Steil, J. P., & Albright, L. (2016). Riding the stagecoach to hell: A qualitative analysis of racial discrimination in mortgage lending. American Sociological Association, 15(2), 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12179

Article  Google Scholar 

Matsuda, K., Garcia, Y., Catagnus, R., & Ackerlund Brandt, J. (2020). Can behavior analysis help us understand and reduce racism? A review of the current literature. Behavior Analysis and Practice, 13(2), 336–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00411-4

Article  Google Scholar 

McGlinchey, A., & Keenan, M. (1997). Stimulus equivalence and social categorization in Northern Ireland. Behavior and Social Issues, 7, 113–128. https://doi.org/10.5210/bsi.v7i2.310

Article  Google Scholar 

Miller, M., Hodge, D. W., Coleman, J., & Chaney, C. D. (2014). The hip in hip hop: Toward a discipline of hip hop studies. Journal of Hip Hop Studies, 1(1), 6–12.

Google Scholar 

Missouri Presidential Election Results 2020: Live Results and Polls. NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, 13 May 2022, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-elections/missouri-president-results

Murphy, C., MacCarthaigh, S., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2014). Implicit relational assessment procedure and attractiveness bias: Directionality of bias and influence of gender of participants. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 14(3), 333–351. https://www.ijpsy.com/volumen14/num3/391/implicit-relational-assessment-procedure-EN.pdf

Palandrani, J. & Watson, D. (2020). Systemic inequality | racial gerrymandering, the for the people act, and Brnovich: Systemic racism and voting rights in 2021. Fordham Law Review Online 89(21), 124–139. https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flro/vol89/iss1/21

Palmer, D. C. (2021). On response strength and the concept of response classes. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 44, 483–499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-021-00305-y

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Payne, A. N. (2022). Hip Hop, identity, & Black girlhood: how Black girls (re)construct racial and gender identity through Hip Hop. Journal of Youth Studies, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2022.2119837

Pezzella, F. S., & Fetzer, M. D. (2021). Patterns and trends of hate crime in America. In The measurement of hate crimes in America (pp. 65–79). SpringerBriefs in Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51577-5_5

Pierson, E., Simoiu, C., Overgoor, J., Corbett-Davies, S., Jenson, D., Shoemaker, A., Ramachandran, V., Barghouty, P., Phillips, C., Shroff, R., & Goel, S. (2020). A large-scale analysis of racial disparities in police stops across the United States. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(7), 736–745. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0858-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Plaut, V. C., Thomas, K. M., Hurd, K., & Romano, C. A. (2018). Do color blindness and multiculturalism remedy or foster discrimination and racism? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27(3), 200–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721418766068

Article  Google Scholar 

Power, P. M., Harte, C., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Barnes-Holmes, Y. (2017). Combining the implicit relational assessment procedure and the recording of event related potentials in the analysis of racial bias: A preliminary study. The Psychological Record, 67(4), 499–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-017-0252-1

Article  Google Scholar 

Qualtrics. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.qualtrics.com

Quinn, D. M. (2020). Experimental evidence on teachers’ racial bias in student evaluation: The role of grading scales. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 42(3), 375–392. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373720932188

Article  Google Scholar 

Richardson, L. S., & Goff, P. A. (2012). Self defense and the suspicion heuristic. Iowa Law Review, 98, 293.

Google Scholar 

Rose, T. (2008). The hip hop wars: What we talk about when we talk about hip hop–and why it matters. Civitas Books.

Google Scholar 

Rothstein, R. (2017). The color of law: A forgotten history of how our government segregated America. Liveright Publishing Corp.

Schleiden, C., Soloski, K. L., Milstead, K., & Rhynehart, A. (2020). Racial disparities in arrests: A race specific model explaining arrest rates across Black and white young adults. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 37(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-019-00618-7

Article  Google Scholar 

Simon, C., Bernardy, J. L., & Cowie, S. (2020). On the “strength” of behavior. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 43, 677–696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-020-00269-5

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms. Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Google Scholar 

Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Book  Google Scholar 

Taylor, E., Guy-Walls, P., Wilkerson, P., & Addae, R. (2019). The historical perspectives of stereotypes on African American males. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 4(3), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-019-00096-y

Article  Google Scholar 

TIBCO Software Inc. (2021). Statistica (data analysis software system), version 13.6. http://statistica.io

Travis, R., Bowman, S. W., Childs, J., & Villanueva, R. (2016). Musical interactions: Girls who like and use rap music for empowerment. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Google Scholar 

Tyson, E. H. (2002). Hip hop therapy: An exploratory study of a rap music intervention with at-risk and delinquent youth. Journal of Poetry Therapy, 15, 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019795911358

Article  Google Scholar 

Woessner, M., & Kelly-Woessner, A. (2020). Why colleg

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif