Alvarez-Almazan, S., Filisola-Villasenor, J. G., Aleman-Gonzalez-Duhart, D., Tamay-Cach, F., & Mendieta-Wejebe, J. E. (2020). Current molecular aspects in the development and treatment of diabetes [J]. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 76(1), 13–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-019-00717-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arrozi, A. P., Shukri, S. N. S., Ngah, W. Z. W., Yusof, Y. A. M., & Makpol, S. J. S. R. (2020). Comparative effects of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol on mitochondrial functions in Alzheimer’s disease in vitro model [J]. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 8962. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65570-4

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cai, Z. Y., Yang, B., Shi, Y. X., Zhang, W. L., Liu, F., Zhao, W., & Yang, M. W. (2018). High glucose downregulates the effects of autophagy on osteoclastogenesis via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway [J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 503(2), 428–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.052

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chandrasekaran, K., Choi, J., Arvas, M. I., Salimian, M., Singh, S., Xu, S., Gullapalli, R. P., Kristian, T., & Russell, J. W. (2020). Nicotinamide mononucleotide administration prevents experimental diabetes-induced cognitive impairment and loss of hippocampal neurons [J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113756

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen, H., Ji, Y., Yan, X., Su, G., Chen, L., & Xiao, J. (2018). Berberine attenuates apoptosis in rat retinal Müller cells stimulated with high glucose via enhancing autophagy and the AMPK/mTOR signaling [J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 108, 1201–1207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.140

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen, M., Huang, N., Liu, J., Huang, J., Shi, J., & Jin, F. (2021). AMPK: A bridge between diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease [J]. Behav Brain Res, 400, 113043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113043

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen, X. H., Chen, D. T., Huang, X. M., Chen, Y. H., Pan, J. H., Zheng, X. C., & Zeng, W. A. (2019). Dexmedetomidine protects against chemical hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells via inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2-mediated oxidative stress [J]. Neurotoxicity Research, 35(1), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-018-9938-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen, X. H., Zhou, X., Yang, X. Y., Zhou, Z. B., Lu, D. H., Tang, Y., Ling, Z. M., Zhou, L. H., & Feng, X. (2016). Propofol protects against H2O2-induced oxidative injury in differentiated PC12 cells via inhibition of Ca(2+)-dependent NADPH oxidase [J]. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 36(4), 541–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-015-0235-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheng, A., Lu, Y., Huang, Q., & Zuo, Z. (2019). Attenuating oxygen-glucose deprivation-caused autophagosome accumulation may be involved in sevoflurane postconditioning-induced protection in human neuron-like cells [J]. European Journal of Pharmacology, 849, 84–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.051

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Feinkohl, I., Winterer, G., & Pischon, T. (2017). Diabetes is associated with risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A meta-analysis [J]. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2884

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feinkohl, I., Winterer, G., & Pischon, T. (2017). Hypertension and risk of post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 13, 27. https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901713010027

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hou, X., Xu, F., Zhang, C., Shuai, J., Huang, Z., Liang, Y., & Xu, X. (2020). Dexmedetomidine exerts neuroprotective effects during high glucose-induced neural injury by inhibiting miR-125b [J]. Bioscience Reports. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20200394

Hou, X., Xu, F., Zhang, C., Shuai, J., Huang, Z., Liang, Y., & Xu, X. (2020). Dexmedetomidine exerts neuroprotective effects during high glucose-induced neural injury by inhibiting miR-125b [J]. Bioscience Reports. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20200394

Kho, W., von Haefen, C., Paeschke, N., Nasser, F., Endesfelder, S., Sifringer, M., González-López, A., Lanzke, N., & Spies, C. D. (2021). Dexmedetomidine restores autophagic flux, modulates associated microRNAs and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway upon LPS-treatment in rats [J]. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-021-10003-w

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kleiman, A. M., & Johnson, K. B. (2019). Untapped potential of dexmedetomidine [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 129(6), 1450–1453. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000004411

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuruva, C., Manczak, M., Yin, X., Ogunmokun, G., Reddy, A., & Reddy, P. J. H. (2017). Aqua-soluble DDQ reduces the levels of Drp1 and Aβ and inhibits abnormal interactions between Aβ and Drp1 and protects Alzheimer’s disease neurons from Aβ- and Drp1-induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities [J]. Human molecular genetics, 26(17), 3375–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddx226

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li, C. J., Wang, B. J., Mu, D. L., Hu, J., Guo, C., Li, X. Y., Ma, D., & Wang, D. X. (2020). Randomized clinical trial of intraoperative dexmedetomidine to prevent delirium in the elderly undergoing major non-cardiac surgery [J]. British Journal of Surgery, 107(2), e123–e132. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11354

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li, L., Ye, X. P., Lu, A. Z., Zhou, S. Q., Liu, H., Liu, Z. J., Jiang, S., & Xu, S. Y. (2013). Hyperglycemia magnifies bupivacaine-induced cell apoptosis triggered by mitochondria dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress [J]. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 91(6), 786–798. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23216

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu, J., Su, H., & Qu, Q. M. (2016). Carnosic acid prevents beta-amyloid-induced injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells via the induction of autophagy [J]. Neurochemical Research, 41(9), 2311–2323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-1945-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miao, Y., Guo, D., Li, W., & Zhong, Y. (2019). Diabetes promotes development of Alzheimer’s disease through suppression of autophagy [J]. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 69(1), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-190156

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nie, S. D., Li, X., Tang, C. E., Min, F. Y., Shi, X. J., Wu, L. Y., Zhou, S. L., Chen, Z., Wu, J., Song, T., Dai, Z. J., Zheng, J., Liu, J. J., & Wang, S. (2018). High glucose forces a positive feedback loop connecting ErbB4 expression and mTOR/S6K pathway to aggravate the formation of tau hyperphosphorylation in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells [J]. Neurobiology of Aging, 67, 171–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.023

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oh, J. E., Jun, J. H., Hwang, H. J., Shin, E. J., Oh, Y. J., & Choi, Y. S. (2019). Dexmedetomidine restores autophagy and cardiac dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus [J]. Acta Diabetologica, 56(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-018-1225-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiu, Z., Lu, P., Wang, K., Zhao, X., Li, Q., Wen, J., Zhang, H., Li, R., Wei, H., Lv, Y., Zhang, S., & Zhang, P. (2020). Dexmedetomidine inhibits neuroinflammation by altering microglial M1/M2 polarization through MAPK/ERK pathway [J]. Neurochemical Research, 45(2), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-019-02922-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salimi, L., Rahbarghazi, R., Jafarian, V., Biray Avci, C., Goker Bagca, B., Pinar Ozates, N., Khaksar, M., & Nourazarian, A. (2018). Heat shock protein 70 modulates neural progenitor cells dynamics in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to high glucose content [J]. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 119(8), 6482–6491. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.26679

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salunkhe, V., Veluthakal, R., Kahn, S., & Thurmond, D. J. D. (2018). Novel approaches to restore beta cell function in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes [J]. Diabetologia, 61(9), 1895–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4658-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shen, W., Lu, K., Wang, J., Wu, A., & Yue, Y. (2016). Activation of mTOR signaling leads to orthopedic surgery-induced cognitive decline in mice through beta-amyloid accumulation and tau phosphorylation [J]. Molecular Medicine Reports, 14(4), 3925–3934. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5700

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sun, W., Wang, J., Cai, D., & Pei, L. (2020). Neuroprotection of the developing brain by dexmedetomidine is mediated by attenuating single propofol-induced hippocampal apoptosis and synaptic plasticity deficits [J]. Experimental Neurobiology, 29(5), 356–375. https://doi.org/10.5607/en20032

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wakabayashi, T., Yamaguchi, K., Matsui, K., Sano, T., Kubota, T., Hashimoto, T., Mano, A., Yamada, K., Matsuo, Y., Kubota, N., Kadowaki, T., & Iwatsubo, T. (2019). Differential effects of diet- and genetically-induced brain insulin resistance on amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease [J]. Molecular Neurodegeneration, 14(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-019-0315-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang, L., Liu, H., Zhang, L., Wang, G., Zhang, M., & Yu, Y. (2017). Neuroprotection of dexmedetomidine against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: Involved in Inhibition of NF-kappaB and inflammation response [J]. Biomol Ther (seoul), 25(4), 383–389. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2015.180

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang, Y., Jia, A., & Ma, W. (2018a). Dexmedetomidine attenuates the toxicity of β-amyloid on neurons and astrocytes by increasing BDNF production under the regulation of HDAC2 and HDAC5 [J]. Molecular Medicine Reports, 19(1), 533–540. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9694

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang, Z., Zhou, W., Dong, H., Ma, X., & He, Z. (2018b). Dexmedetomidine pretreatment inhibits cerebral ischemia/reperfusioninduced neuroinflammation via activation of AMPK [J]. Molecular Medicine Reports, 18(4), 3957–3964. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9349

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu, Q., Shang, Y., Shen, T., Liu, F., & Zhang, W. (2021). Biochanin A protects SH-SY5Y cells against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis [J]. Neurotoxicology, 86, 10–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2021.06.007

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xie, X., Shen, Z., Hu, C., Zhang, K., Guo, M., Wang, F., & Qin, K. (2021). Dexmedetomidine ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice [J]. Neurochemical Research, 46(9), 2415–2426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-021-03386-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang, D. S., Philip, S., Mohan, P. S., Susmita, K., Asok, K., Masuo, O., Schmidt, S. D., Daniel, W., Urmi, B., Jiang, Y., & Pawlik, M. (2011). Reversal of au