Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis due to Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Following Ad26.COV2.S: A First Real-World Case Report of a Male Subject

Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS) or Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) had been reported in patients receiving the Ad26.COV2.S vaccination (Johnson & Johnson [J&J]/Janssen) vaccine. They frequently presented with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), but venous or arterial thrombosis at other locations can be present. The majority of those affected are younger adult females. Therefore, after a brief pause from April 13–23, 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended caution in using this vaccine in females under 50 years. Based on the reported 28 cases of TTS after this vaccination (data till April 21, 2021) by CDC, 22 were females (78%), and 6 were male. None of those males had CVST but had thrombosis at other locations. We report the first case of a young male with TTS and CVST following Ad26.COV2.S vaccine presented with severe headache and diagnosed with acute right transverse and sigmoid cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, multiple right-sided pulmonary emboli, and right hepatic vein thrombosis. He was treated with parenteral anticoagulation with argatroban and intravenous immune globulin with the improvement of his symptoms. A heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT) like syndrome caused by the genesis of a platelet-activating autoantibody against platelet factor 4 (PF4) triggered by adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccinations is understood to be the underlying pathophysiology. TTS with CVST should be considered when patients present with headaches, stroke-like neurological symptoms, thrombocytopenia, and symptom onset 6–15 days after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination.

1. Stam, J . Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(17):1791-1798.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI2. Bikdeli, B, Chatterjee, S, Arora, S, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in the U.S. population, after adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and after COVID-19. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78(4):408-411.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline3. Europena Medicines Agency : AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 Vaccine: EMA Finds Possible Link to Very Rare Cases of Unusual Blood Clots with Low Blood Platelets. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-ema-finds-possible-link-very-rare-cases-unusual-blood-clots-low-blood. Accessed April 7, 2021.
Google Scholar4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emergency Preparedness and Response . Johnson & Johnson/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine and Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS): Update for Clinicians. https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/calls/2021/callinfo_042721.asp
Google Scholar5. See, I, Su, JR, Lale, A, et al. US case reports of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with thrombocytopenia after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination, March 2 to April 21, 2021. J Am Med Assoc. 2021;325(24):2448-2456.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Muir, KL, Kallam, A, Koepsell, SA, Gundabolu, K. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(20):1964-1965.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Greinacher, A, Thiele, T, Warkentin, TE, Weisser, K, Kyrle, PA, Eichinger, S. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(22):2092-2101.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline8. McGonagle, D, De Marco, G, Bridgewood, C. Mechanisms of immunothrombosis in vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) compared to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Autoimmun. 2021;121:102662.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline9. Huynh, A, Kelton, JG, Arnold, DM, Daka, M, Nazy, I. Antibody epitopes in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopaenia. Nature. 2021;596(7873):565-569.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Arepally, GM, Ortel, TL. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: what we know and do not know. Blood. 2021;138(4):293-298.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Pavord, S, Scully, M, Hunt, BJ, et al. Clinical features of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2021;385(18):1680-1689.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Singh, B, Kanack, A, Bayas, A, et al. Anti-PF4 VITT antibodies are oligoclonal and variably inhibited by heparin. medRxiv. In press. doi: 10.1101/2021.09.23.21263047
Google Scholar | Crossref13. Sadoff, J, Davis, K, Douoguih, M. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination - response from the manufacturer. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(20):1965-1966.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Abou-Ismail, MY, Moser, KA, Smock, KJ, Lim, MY. Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia following Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in a man presenting as acute venous thromboembolism. Am J Hematol. 2021;96(9):E346-E349.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Shimabukuro, T . Update: Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS) Following COVID-19 Vaccination. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2021-05-12/07-COVID-Shimabukuro-508.pdf (Accessed 1 July, 2021).
Google Scholar16. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) . COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis (VITT). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng200 (Accessed 18 September, 2021).
Google Scholar17. American Society of Hematology . Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (Also Termed Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia). https://www.hematology.org/covid-19/vaccine-induced-immune-thrombotic-thrombocytopenia (Accessed 18 September, 2021).
Google Scholar18. Bourguignon, A, Arnold, DM, Warkentin, TE, et al. Adjunct immune globulin for vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(8):720-728.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif