Acts and Decrees . 1991. Acts and Decrees of the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines 20 January – 17 February 1991. Manila: Secretariat, Second Plenary Council of the Philippines, Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines.
Google Scholar Alt, Jorg . 2019. “Catholic Social Teaching and Taxation: Guidelines Towards a Socially More Just and Ecologically More Sustainable World.” Financing for Development, 1(1): 47-69.
Google Scholar Amin, Tahir . 2018. “Patent Abuse is Driving Up Drug Prices. Just Look at Lantus.” STAT, December 7, 2018. https://www.statnews.com/2018/12/07/patent-abuse-rising-drug-prices-lantus/.
Google Scholar Amin, Tahir . 2021. “The Folly of Hoarding Knowledge in the COVID-19 Age: Let Vaccine Producers in Poor Countries Help End the Pandemic.” Foreign Affairs, January 29, 2021. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2021-01-29/folly-hoarding-knowledge-covid-19-age.
Google Scholar Andolsen, Barbara . 2008. “Essential Goods for AIDS Widows: Property, Including Intellectual Property, in Catholic Social Teachings.” Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 28 (1): 67-86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23562836.
Google Scholar | Crossref Bacchus, James . 2020. “An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines.” CATO Institute. Free Trade Bulletin. https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines.
Google Scholar Binagwaho, Agnes, Kedest Mathewos, Sheila Davis. 2021. “Time for the Ethical Management of COVID-19 Vaccines.” The Lancet Global Health 9(8): e1169-e1171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00180-7.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Calina, Daniela, Anca Oana, Docea, Demetrios, Petrakis, Alex M, Egorov, Aydar A, Ishmukhametov, Alexsandr G, Gabibov, Michael I, Shtilman, Ronald, Kostoff, Félix, Carvalho, Marco, Vinceti, Demetrios A, Spandidos, Aristidis, Tsatsakis. 2020. “Towards Effective COVID-19 Vaccines: Updates, Perspectives and Challenges (Review).” International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46 (1): 3-16. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4596.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Catechism of the Catholic Church. 1993. Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Citta del Vaticano . https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_INDEX.HTM.
Google Scholar Centesimus Annus [One Hundred Years] 1991 Encyclical Letter of Pope John Paul II on the One Hundreth Anniversary of Rerum Novarum. Vatican: ibreria Editrice Vaticana. https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_01051991_centesimus-annus.html.
Google Scholar CEPI [Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations] . 2020. “$2 Billion Required to Develop a Vaccine against the COVID-19 Virus. CEPI Latest News. https://cepi.net/news/.
Google Scholar Chien, C. V. 2007. “HIV/AIDS Drugs for Sub-Saharan Africa: How Do Brand and Generic Supply Compare?” PLos One 2 (3): e278. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000278.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith . 2020. “Note on the morality of using some anti-COVID-19 vaccines.” https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20201221_nota-vaccini-anticovid_en.html.
Google Scholar Cueni, Thomas . 2020. “The Risk in Suspending Vaccine Patent Rules.” The New York Times, December 10, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/10/opinion/coronavirus-vaccine-patents.html.
Google Scholar Del Castillo, F. 2021. “Temporary Waiver of Intellectual Property on Covid-19 Vaccines: Toward the Creation of a Better, Post-Pandemic Society.” Journal of Public Health 43 (3): e559-e560, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab184. https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pubmed/fdab184/6288485?login=true.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Dulles, Avery . 2002. “Catholic Social Teaching and American Legal Perspective.” Fordham Urban Law Journal 30: 277 -89. https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj/vol30/iss1/16.
Google Scholar Erfani, P., A, Binagwaho, M J, Jalloh, M, Yunus, P, Farmer, V, Kerry. 2021. “Intellectual Property Waiver for Covid-19 Vaccines will Advance Global Health Equity.” BMJ 374: n1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1837.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Gonsalves, Gregg, Gavin, Yamey. 2021. “The COVID-19 Vaccine Patent Waiver: A Crucial Step Towards a “People’s Vaccine.” The BMJ 373: n1249. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1249.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Hanney, S.R., S, Wooding, J, Sussex, J, Grant. 2020. “From COVID-19 Research to Vaccine Application: Why Might it Take 17 Months not 17 Years and What are the Wider Lessons? Health Response Policy System 18: 61.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline I-MAK Lantus Report . 2018. “Lantus (Insulin Gargrine): Overpatented, Overpriced Edition.” http://www.i-mak.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/I-MAK-Lantus-Report-2018-10-30F.pdf.
Google Scholar I-MAK . 2020. “Pharmaceutical Patent Myths.” https://www.i-mak.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Patent-Myths-2020-12-17.pdf.
Google Scholar Ito, B. 2021. Impacts of the Vaccine Intellectual Property Rights Waiver on Global Supply. VOXeu/CEPR. August 8, 2021. https://voxeu.org/article/impacts-vaccine-intellectual-property-rights-waiver-global-supply.
Google Scholar Kiszewski, Anthony E., Ekaterina Galkina, Cleary, Matthew J, Jackson, Fred D, Ledley. 2021. “NIH Funding for Vaccine Readiness before the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Vaccine 39 (17): 2458-2466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.022.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Kizito, O., Juma, F. 2015. “Catholic Social Justice Principles: An African Philosophical Response.” Arts and Social Sciences Journal 6 (2): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000107.
Google Scholar Iacobucci, Gareth . 2021. “Covid-19: How Will a Waiver on Vaccine Patents Affect Global Supply?” BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online) 373: n1182, London (May 10, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1182.
Google Scholar | Medline Labonte, Ronald, Mira, Johri. 2020. “COVID-19 Drug and Vaccine Patents are Putting Profit Before People.” The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/covid-19-drug-and-vaccine-patents-are-putting-profit-before-people-149270.
Google Scholar Lazonick, William, Matt, Hopkins, Ken, Jacobson, Mustafa Erdem, Sakinç, Öner, Tulum. 2017. “US Pharma’s Financialized Business Model.” Working Paper 60. Institute for New Economic Thinking. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3035529. https://www.Eniteconomics.org/working papers.
Google Scholar Maxmen, Amy . 2021. “In Shock move, US Backs Waiving Patents on COVID Vaccines: The Development from the Biden Administration Draws Cheers from Public-Health Researchers and Ire from Drugmakers.” Nature, May 6, 2021. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01224-3.
Google Scholar | Crossref Mercurio, Bryan Christopher . 2021. “WTO Waiver from Intellectual Property Protection for COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatments: A Critical Review.” Virginia Journal of International Law Online (Forthcoming 2021), February 12, 2021. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3789820 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3789820.
Google Scholar Nature . 2021. “A Patent Waiver on COVID Vaccines is Right and Fair.” Editorials: Nature 597: 478. https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-01242-1/d41586-021-01242-1.pdf.
Google Scholar Navarro, Vicente . 2021. “How Neoliberal Dogma Has Prolonged the COVID-19 Pandemic.” LSE Phelan Center, American Politics and Policy Blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/03/25/how-neoliberal-dogma-has-prolonged-the-covid-19-pandemic/.
Google Scholar PhRMA . 2021. “PhRMA Statement on WTO TRIPS Intellectual Property Waiver.” https://www.phrma.org/Press-Release/PhRMA-Statement-on-WTO-TRIPS-Intellectual-Property-Waiver. https://www.phrma.org/en/Press-Release/PhRMA-Statement-on-WTO-TRIPS-Intellectual-Property-Waiver.
Google Scholar Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace . 2005. Compendium of Social Doctrine of the Church. Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/justpeace/documents/rc_pc_justpeace_doc_20060526_compendio-dott-soc_en.html.
Google Scholar Pope Pius XI . 1931. Quadragesimo Anno [The Fortieth Year]. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19310515_quadragesimo-anno.html.
Google Scholar Rerum Novarum [Labor and Capital] . 1891. Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on Labor and Capital. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15051891_rerum-novarum.html.
Google Scholar Salamanca-Buentello, Fabio, Abdallah S, Daar. 2021. “Nanotechnology, Equity, and Global Health.” Nature Nanotechnol 16: 358-361. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00899-z.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Sands, Justin . 2018. “Introducing Cardinal Cardijn’s See -Judge -Act as an Interdisciplinary Method to Move Theory into Practice.” Religions 9 (4), 129: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9040129.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Santos Rutschman, Ana, Julia Barnes, -Weise. 2021. “The COVID-19 Vaccine Patent Waiver: The Wrong Tool for the Right Goal.” Bill of Health, May 4, 2021. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3840486.
Google Scholar Slaoui, Moncef, Matthew, Hepburn. 2020. “Perspective: Developing Safe and Effective Covid Vaccines — Operation Warp Speed’s Strategy and Approach.” The New England Journal of Medicine. https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMp2027405?articleTools=true.
Google Scholar | Crossref Sterckx, Sigrid . 2004. “Patents and Access to Drugs in Developing Countries: An Ethical Analysis.” In Health Rights, edited by Michael J, Selgelid, Thomas, Pogge, 58-75. London, UK: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315253510.
Google Scholar Sun, Haochen . 2021. “Patent Responsibility.” 17 Stanford Journal of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, 141 (2021 Forthcoming), Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3846452.
Google Scholar Thambisetty, Siva . 2021. “Vaccines and Patents: How Self-Interest and Artificial Scarcity Weaken Human Solidarity.” British Politics and Policy at LSE. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/109163/1/politicsandpolicy_vaccines_and.pdf.
Google Scholar TRIPS Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual property . 1992. “Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (unamended): Part II — Standards concerning the availability, scope and use of Intellectual Property Rights.” https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips_04c_e.htm.
Google Scholar United States Catholic Bishops . 1986. “Economic Justice for All: Pastoral Letter on Catholic Social Teaching and the U.S. Economy.” Washington, D.C.: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. https://www.usccb.org/upload/economic_justice_for_all.pdf.
Google Scholar WHO (World Health Organization). 2021. Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the 148th Session of the Executive Board . World Health Organization Website. (January 18, 2021). https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-148th-session-of-the-executive-board.
Google Scholar Wouters, Olivier J., Kenneth C, Shadlen, Maximilian, Salcher-Konrad, Andrew J, Pollard, Heidi J, Larson, Yot, Teerawattananon, Mark, Jit. 2021. “Challenges in Ensuring Global Access to COVID-19 Vaccines: Production, Affordability, Allocation, and Deployment.” The Lancet 297 (10278): 1023-1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00306-8.
Google Scholar | Crossref WTO World Trade organization . 2020. “Waiver of the Certain Provisions of the TRIPS Agreement for the Prevention, Containment and Greater Treatment of COVID-19: Communication from India and South Africa.” World Trade organization, Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, October 20, 2020. https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/IP/C/W669.pdf&Open=True.
Google Scholar WTO [World Trade organization] . 2021a. “Director-General’s opening remarks at One Shared World event, May 5, 2021.” https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-one-shared-world-event.
Google Scholar WTO [World Trade organization] . 2021b. “WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the 148th Session of the Executive Board.” World Health Organization, January 18, 2021. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-148th-session-of-the-executive-board.
Google Scholar Yamey, Gavin, Marco, Schafehoff, Richard, Hatchett, Muhammad, Pate, Feng, Zhao, Kaci, Kennedy McDade. 2020. “Ensuring Global Access to COVID-19 Vaccines.” The Lancet 395 (10234): 1405-1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6735(20)30763-7.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Zarocostas, J. 2021. “World Report: What’s Next for a COVID-19 Intellectual Property Waiver?” The Lancet 397 (10288): 1871-1872. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01151-X.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Zengarini, L. 2021. “Holy See Calls for Easing of Intellectual Property Barriers for COVID-19 Vaccines.” Vatican News, February 24, 2021. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2021-02/holy-see-trips-wto-intellectual-property-rights-coronavirus.html.
Google Scholar