Ooi et al. (2021)112

50 CT

BMI 45 kg/m2

T2D (14%)

110 NAFLD

BMI 47 kg/m2

T2D (23%)

16 NASH

BMI 50 kg/m2

T2D (33%)

Liver biopsy Plasma

CER d18:0/16:0, d18:0/18:0, d18:0/20:0, d18:0/22:0, d18:0/24:0, d18:0/24:1, DAG SFA (16:0, 18:0), MUFA (18:1), PUFA (18:2), TAG SFA (16:0, 17:0, 18:0), MUFA (18:1), PUFA (18:2, 20:3, 20:4)

↑ NAFLD

Liver

Total dhCER, TAG, DAG, CER d18:0/18:0, d18:0/20:0, d18:0/22:0, d18:0/24:0, d18:0/24:1, LPC 26:0, PI 18:0/22:5, CE 18:0, >20 DAG, >40 TAG

↑ NAFLD and NASH

PC 15-MHDA/18:2, PC 15-MHDA/22:6, PC 17:1/18:2, 18:1/22:6, CE 22:5

↓ NAFLD and NASH

Total CER, CE, THC, CER d18:1/16:0, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/20:0, d18:1/22:0, d18:1/24:0, GM3 d18:1/20:0, PC 28:0, 31:0, PC O−40:7, PS 38:4, CE 18:3, FC

↑ NAFLD

SM 37:2, d18:2/20:0, PC 17:0/18:2, 18:1/18:2, 39:5, 17:0/22:6, PC P-38:5, PE 18:1/22:6, PE P-18:1/22:4, 20:1/22:6

↓ NAFLD

Total DHC, DHC d18:1/18:0, d18:1/22:0, d18:1/24:0, SM d18:0/16:0, PC 36:0

↑ NASH

PC 16:1/20:4, 38:6, PC 15-MHDA/20:4, PE 16:0/20:4, 38:5, PI 38:5

↓ NASH

Apostolopoulou et al. (2018)58

7 CT

BMI 25 kg/m2

7 NAFLD

BMI 51 kg/m2

7 NASH

BMI 56 kg/m2

Liver biopsy Liver

Total CER, LactCER 24:1, HexCER 22:0, 24:0, 24:1; dhCER 16:0, 22:0, 24:1

↑ NASH

Serum

dhCER 20:0

↑ NAFLD

Total dhCER, dhCER 16:0, 22:0, 24:1

↑ NASH

Puri et al. (2007)118

9 CT

BMI 34.5 kg/m2

9 NAFLD

BMI 37.5 kg/m2

9 NASH

BMI 34 kg/m2

Liver biopsy Liver

TAG, DAG, total cholesterol, SFA, n6:n3 ratio

↑ NAFLD and NASH

TAG, FA 20:4n-6, TAG FA 22:6n-3

↓ NAFLD and NASH

PC, PE

↓ NAFLD

FC, LysoPC

↑ NASH

Puri et al. (2009)132

50 CT

BMI 21.2 kg/m2

No T2D

NAFLD

BMI 35.2 kg/m2

T2D (28%)

50 NASH

BMI 32.1 kg/m2

T2D (31%)

Liver biopsy Plasma

TAG, DAG, FFA and CE MUFA, CE, DAG, PC, PE with 18:3 or 20:3 FA

↑ NAFLD and NASH

DAG, PC, PE, TAG SFA

↓ NAFLD

22:6n-3/22:5n-3 ratio in PC, PE

↓ NASH

Barr et al. (2010)133

9 CT

BMI 47 kg/m2

No T2D

24 NAFLD

BMI 44.8 kg/m2

No T2D

9 NASH

BMI 43.2 kg/m2

No T2D

Liver biopsy Serum

FFA 16:0, SM 18:0/16:0, 18:1/18:0, PC 28:0, LysoPC 20:2, 20:1, LPE P-16:0

↑ NAFLD and NASH

FFA 18:3, 20:2n6, SM 18:1/12:0, 18:2/14:0, 18:2/16:0, 36:3, PC 18:0/22:6

↓ NAFLD and NASH

PC (14:0/20:4, 16:0/20:3, P-18:0/20:4), LysoPC 18:1

↑ NASH

FFA 20:4, LysoPC P-24:0, P-22:0, O-20:0

↓ NASH

Anjani et al. (2015)131

24 CT

BMI 47 kg/m2

No T2D

22 NASH

BMI 45 kg/m2

T2D (86%)

Liver biopsy Serum

PC, PE, and PG, CER (d18:0/22:0, d18:1/16:0, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/20:0, d18:1/22:0, d18:1/23:0, d18:2/20:0, d18:2/18:0, d18:2/20:0, d18:2/21:0, d18:2/22:0, d18:2/23:0); SM(36:1), PC (32:0, 32:1, 34:1, 34:3.36:1, 36:3, 36:4, 36:5, 38:3, 38:4, 38:5, 38:6, 40:4, 40:5, 40:6), PE (34:1, 34:3, 36:1, 36:2, 36:4, 36:5, 38:3, 38:4, 38:5, 38:6, 40:4, 40:5, 40:6, 40:7), LysoPC (16:0, 16:1, 20:3, 22:5), PG (36:1, 36:2, 36:3, 38:3, 38:4); PI (32:1, 34:1, 36:4, 38:4, 40:4, 40:5)

↑ NASH

CER d18:1/24:0, SM 42:3

↓ NASH

Gorden et al. (2015)115

31 CT

BMI 40 kg/m2

17 NAFLD

BMI 46 kg/m2

20 NASH

BMI 47 kg/m2

20 Cirrhosis

BMI 32 kg/m2

Liver biopsy Plasma

TAG, CE, CER, DAG (36:2), HexCER d18:1/24:1, GlucCER d18:/24:1, d18:1/26:1, PC 36:4, 38:4, PE 38:5, 38:4, 40:6, 40:5, LysoPC 16:0, PI 36:1, 38:4, 38:3

↑ NAFLD and NASH

HexCER d18:1/24:1, d18:1/26:1, CER m18:1/16:0, m18:1/26:1, GlucCer d18:1/26:1, 18:1/26:0, PC 32:0, PI 36:1

↑ Cirrhosis

Total cholesterol, CE 18:2, 20:4, 20:3, TAG 52:4, 52:3, DAG 36:2, CER d18:1/18:0, 18:1/20:0, d18:1/22:0, d18:1/24:1, d18:1/24:0, d18:0/18:0, d180/24:1, m18:1/16:0, m18:1/26:1, m18:0/18:0, m18:0/20:0, m18:0/22:0, m18:0/24:0, HexCER d18:1/24:1, d18:1/26:1, GlucCer d18:1/24:1, d18:1/26:1, 18:1/26:0, SM d18:1/18:1, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/20:0, d18:1/22:0, d18:1/24:0, PC 32:0, 34:3, 36:4; 38:6, 38:5, 38:4, 38:3, 40:6, PE 36:4, 38:6, 38:5, 38:4, 40:6, 40:5, LysoPC 16:0, PI 36:1, 38:4, 38:3

↓ Cirrhosis

Chiappini et al. (2017)123

7 CT

BMI 21 kg/m2

39 NAFLD

BMI 25 kg/m2

15 NASH

BMI 31 kg/m2

Liver biopsy Liver

SFA (14:0, 16:0, 18:0)

↑ NASH

PC, PE, PI, PS PC/PE, SM

↓ NASH

Tiwari-Heckler et al. (2018)129

28 CT

25 NAFLD

42 NASH

Liver biopsy Plasma

TAG, SM, PC

↑ NAFLD and NASH

LysoPE

↓ NAFLD and NASH

Sanders et al. (2018)117

663 CT

BMI 25 kg/m2

No T2D

233 NAFLD

BMI 31 kg/m2

No T2D

Ultrasound Plasma

TAG 54:2, 48:1, 48:2, 50:1, 50:2

↑ NAFLD

TAG 52:3, 52:4, 56:7, 56:6, 54:4, 56:8

↓ NAFLD