1. Feigin, VL, Norrving, B, Mensah, GA. Global burden of stroke. Circ Res 2017; 120(3): 439–448.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline2. Westendorp, WF, Nederkoorn, PJ, Vermeij, J-D, et al. Post-stroke infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2011; 11: 110.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI3. Chamorro, A, Horcajada, JP, Obach, V, et al. The early systemic prophylaxis of infection after stroke study: a randomized clinical trial. Stroke 2005; 36(7): 1495–1500.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Harms, H, Prass, K, Meisel, C, et al. Preventive antibacterial therapy in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2008; 3(5): e2158.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Kalra, L, Irshad, S, Hodsoll, J, et al. Prophylactic antibiotics after acute stroke for reducing pneumonia in patients with dysphagia (STROKE-INF): a prospective, cluster-randomised, open-label, masked endpoint, controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2015; 386(10006): 1835–1844.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Schwarz, S, Al-Shajlawi, F, Sick, C, et al. Effects of prophylactic antibiotic therapy with mezlocillin plus sulbactam on the incidence and height of fever after severe acute ischemic stroke: the Mannheim infection in stroke study (MISS). Stroke 2008; 39(4): 1220–1227.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. van de Beek, D, Wijdicks, EF, Vermeij, FH, et al. Preventive antibiotics for infections in acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Neurol 2009; 66(9): 1076–1081.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline8. Westendorp, WF, Vermeij, J-D, Zock, E, et al. The preventive antibiotics in stroke study (PASS): a pragmatic randomised open-label masked endpoint clinical trial. Lancet 2015; 385(9977): 1519–1526.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline9. Vermeij, JD, Westendorp, WF, Dippel, DW, et al. Antibiotic therapy for preventing infections in people with acute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 1: Cd008530.
Google Scholar | Medline10. Smith, CJ, Bray, BD, Hoffman, A, et al. Can a novel clinical risk score improve pneumonia prediction in acute stroke care? A UK multicenter cohort study. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4(1): e001307.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Hoffmann, S, Malzahn, U, Harms, H, et al. Development of a clinical score (A 2 DS 2 ) to predict pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2012; 43(10): 2617–2623.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Churilov, L, Arnup, S, Johns, H, et al. An improved method for simple, assumption-free ordinal analysis of the modified Rankin Scale using generalized odds ratios. Int J Stroke 2014; 9(8): 999–1005.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI13. Cumming, TB, Churilov, L, Sena, ES. The missing medians: exclusion of ordinal data from meta-analyses. PloS One 2015; 10(12): e0145580.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Riley, RD, Lambert, PC, Abo-Zaid, G. Meta-analysis of individual participant data: rationale, conduct, and reporting. BMJ 2010; 340: c221.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Padma Srivastava, M, Bhasin, A, Bhatia, R, et al. Efficacy of minocycline in acute ischemic stroke: a single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Neurol India 2012; 60(1): 23–28.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Lampl, Y, Boaz, M, Gilad, R, et al. Minocycline treatment in acute stroke: an open-label, evaluator-blinded study. Neurology 2007; 69(14): 1404–1410.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Davenport, RJ, Dennis, MS, Wellwood, I, et al. Complications after acute stroke. Stroke 1996; 27(3): 415–420.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Finlayson, O, Kapral, M, Hall, R, et al. Risk factors, inpatient care, and outcomes of pneumonia after ischemic stroke. Neurology 2011; 77(14): 1338–1345.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Kishore, AK, Vail, A, Jeans, AR, et al. Microbiological etiologies of pneumonia complicating stroke: a systematic review. Stroke 2018; 49(7): 1602–1609.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. Vermeij, FH, Scholte op Reimer, WJM, de Man, P, et al. Stroke-associated infection is an independent risk factor for poor outcome after acute ischemic stroke: data from the Netherlands Stroke Survey. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009; 27(5): 465–471.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. Marik, PE . Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2001; 344(9): 665–671.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI22. Malhotra, K, Chang, JJ, Khunger, A, et al. Minocycline for acute stroke treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Neurol 2018; 265(8): 1871–1879.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline23. Chang, JJ, Kim-Tenser, M, Emanuel, BA, et al. Minocycline and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: a pilot study. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24(11): 1384–1391.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline24. Fouda, AY, Newsome, AS, Spellicy, S, et al. Minocycline in acute cerebral hemorrhage: an early phase randomized trial. Stroke 2017; 48(10): 2885–2887.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. Amiri-Nikpour, MR, Nazarbaghi, S, Hamdi-Holasou, M, et al. An open-label evaluator-blinded clinical study of minocycline neuroprotection in ischemic stroke: gender-dependent effect. Acta Neurol Scand 2015; 131(1): 45–50.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Kohler, E, Prentice, DA, Bates, TR, et al. Intravenous minocycline in acute stroke: a randomized, controlled pilot study and meta-analysis. Stroke 2013; 44(9): 2493–2499.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Blacker, DJ, Prentice, D, Alvaro, A, et al. Reducing haemorrhagic transformation after thrombolysis for stroke: a strategy utilising minocycline. Stroke Res Treat 2013; 2013: 362961.
Google Scholar | Medline