1Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center New York City, New York, USA

2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

3Division of Interventional Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

4Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Penn’s Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research (CAVOQER) Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

5Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

6Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Brett Carroll, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 185 Pilgrim Road, Palmer 4, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Email: [email protected]