1.
Thompson, AJ, Baranzini, SE, Geurts, J, et al Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2018; 391: 1622–1636.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline2.
Rommer, PS, Eichstädt, K, Ellenberger, D, et al Symptomatology and symptomatic treatment in multiple sclerosis: results from a nationwide MS registry. Mult Scler 2019; 25: 1641–1652.
Google Scholar |
SAGE Journals |
ISI3.
Alroughani, R, Boyko, A. Pediatric multiple sclerosis: a review. BMC Neurol 2018; 18: 27.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline4.
Frahm, N, Peters, M, Bätzing, J, et al Prevalence of pediatric multiple sclerosis in Germany: a nationwide population-based analysis. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28: 3173–3176.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline5.
Huppke, DP, Gärtner, DJ. S1 guideline pediatric multiple sclerosis,
https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/022-014.html (accessed 23 August 2021).
Google Scholar6.
Otallah, S, Banwell, B. Pediatric multiple sclerosis: an update. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 18: 76.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline7.
Ghezzi, A, Amato, MP, Makhani, N, et al Pediatric multiple sclerosis: conventional first-line treatment and general management. Neurology 2016; 87: S97–S102.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI8.
European Medicines Agency . Rebif—summary of product characteristics,
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rebif (accessed 23 August 2021).
Google Scholar9.
Huppke, P, Huppke, B, Ellenberger, D, et al Therapy of highly active pediatric multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2019; 25: 72–80.
Google Scholar |
SAGE Journals |
ISI10.
Chitnis, T, Arnold, DL, Banwell, B, et al Trial of fingolimod versus interferon beta-1a in pediatric multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2018; 379: 1017–1027.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline11.
European Medicines Agency . Gilenya—Summary of product characteristics,
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/gilenya (accessed 23 August 2021).
Google Scholar12.
Novartis . Gilenya—summary of product characteristics (Food and Drug Administration),
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/022527s26lbl.pdf (accessed 23 August 2021).
Google Scholar13.
Wilbur, C, Yeh, EA. Improving outcomes in pediatric multiple sclerosis: current and emerging treatments. Paediatr Drugs 2019; 21: 137–152.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline14.
Krupp, LB, Banwell, B, Tenembaum, S, et al Consensus definitions proposed for pediatric multiple sclerosis and related disorders. Neurology 2007; 68: S7–S12.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI15.
Benjamini, Y, Hochberg, Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc B 1995; 57: 289–300.
Google Scholar16.
European Medicines Agency . Ocrevus—summary of product characteristics,
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ocrevus (accessed 23 August 2021).
Google Scholar17.
European Medicines Agency . Kesimpta—summary of product characteristics,
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kesimpta (accessed 23 August 2021).
Google Scholar18.
European Medicines Agency . Zeposia—summary of product characteristics,
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zeposia (accessed 23 August 2021).
Google Scholar19.
European Medicines Agency . Ponvory—summary of product characteristics,
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ponvory (accessed 23 August 2021).
Google Scholar20.
European Medicines Agency . Mayzent—summary of product characteristics,
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mayzent (accessed 23 August 2021).
Google Scholar21.
Marrie, RA . Comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: implications for patient care. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13: 375–382.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline22.
Zhang, T, Tremlett, H, Leung, S, et al Examining the effects of comorbidities on disease-modifying therapy use in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2016; 86: 1287–1295.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline23.
Maric, GD, Pekmezovic, TD, Mesaros, ST, et al The prevalence of comorbidities in patients with multiple sclerosis: population-based registry data. Neurol Sci 2021; 42: 1887–1893.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline24.
Wells, E, Hacohen, Y, Waldman, A, et al Neuroimmune disorders of the central nervous system in children in the molecular era. Nat Rev Neurol 2018; 14: 433–445.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline25.
Filipi, M, Jack, S. Interferons in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability update. Int J MS Care 2020; 22: 165–172.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline26.
Miclea, A, Bagnoud, M, Chan, A, et al A brief review of the effects of vitamin d on multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11: 781.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline27.
Evans, E, Piccio, L, Cross, AH. Use of vitamins and dietary supplements by patients with multiple sclerosis: a review. JAMA Neurol 2018; 75: 1013–1021.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline28.
Bergien, SO, Petersen, CM, Lynning, M, et al Use of natural medicine and dietary supplements concomitant with conventional medicine among people with Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 44: 102197.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline29.
Rommer, PS, Zettl, UK. Managing the side effects of multiple sclerosis therapy: pharmacotherapy options for patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19: 483–498.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline30.
German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) . Epidemiologisches Bulletin—Wissenschaftliche Begründung für die Empfehlung der HPV- Impfung für Jungen im Alter von 9 bis 14 Jahren. Robert Koch Inst 2018; 26: 233–250.
Google Scholar31.
Zrzavy, T, Kollaritsch, H, Rommer, PS, et al Vaccination in multiple sclerosis: friend or foe? Front Immunol 2019; 10: 1883.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline32.
Monschein, T, Hartung, HP, Zrzavy, T, et al Vaccination and multiple sclerosis in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Epub ahead of print 5 August 2021. DOI:
10.1136/jnnp-2021-326839.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline33.
McKay, KA, Hillert, J, Manouchehrinia, A. Long-term disability progression of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2019; 92: e2764–e2773.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline34.
Erdal, JL, Kopp, TI, Blinkenberg, M, et al Clinical characteristics and use of disease modifying therapy in the nationwide Danish cohort of paediatric onset multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 37: 101431.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline35.
Bizjak, N, Osredkar, D, Perković Benedik, M, et al Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis in paediatric population in Slovenia: a descriptive nation-wide study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 18: 56–59.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline36.
Persson, R, Lee, S, Ulcickas Yood, M, et al Infections in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis: a multi-database study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 41: 101982.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline37.
Frahm, N, Hecker, M, Zettl, UK. Polypharmacy among patients with multiple sclerosis: a qualitative systematic review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19: 139–145.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline38.
Frahm, N, Hecker, M, Zettl, UK. Polypharmacy in chronic neurological diseases: multiple sclerosis, dementia and Parkinson’s disease. Curr Pharm Des. Epub ahead of print 27 July 2021. DOI:
10.2174/1381612827666210728102832.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline39.
Kheshti, R, Aalipour, M, Namazi, S. A comparison of five common drug-drug interaction software programs regarding accuracy and comprehensiveness. J Res Pharm Pract 2016; 5: 257–263.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline40.
Halli-Tierney, AD, Scarbrough, C, Carroll, D. Polypharmacy: evaluating risks and deprescribing. Am Fam Physician 2019; 100: 32–38.
Google Scholar |
Medline41.
Meyers, RS, Thackray, J, Matson, KL, et al Key potentially inappropriate drugs in pediatrics: the KIDs list. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2020; 25: 175–191.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline42.
Ghosh, RE, Crellin, E, Beatty, S, et al How clinical practice research datalink data are used to support pharmacovigilance. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2019; 10: 2042098619854010.
Google Scholar |
SAGE Journals |
ISI43.
Herrett, E, Gallagher, AM, Bhaskaran, K, et al Data resource profile: clinical practice research datalink (CPRD). Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44: 827–836.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI
Comments (0)