1. Jemec, GBE . Hidradenitis suppurativa. N Engl J Med Overseas Ed. 2012;366(2):158-164.doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1014163
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline2. Deckers, IE., van der Zee, HH., Prens, EP. Epidemiology of hidradenitis suppurativa: prevalence, pathogenesis, and factors associated with the development of HS. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2014;3(1):54-60.doi:10.1007/s13671-013-0064-8
Google Scholar | Crossref3. Moran, B., Sweeney, CM., Hughes, R et al. Hidradenitis suppurativa is characterized by dysregulation of the Th17: Treg cell axis, which is corrected by anti-TNF therapy. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(11):2389-2395.doi:10.1016/j.jid.2017.05.033 28652108
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Kelly, G., Hughes, R., McGarry, T et al. Dysregulated cytokine expression in lesional and nonlesional skin in hidradenitis suppurativa. Br J Dermatol. 2015;173(6):1431-1439.doi:10.1111/bjd.14075 26282467
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Lee, RA., Eisen, DB. Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa with biologic medications. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(5 Suppl 1):S82-S88.doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.053 26470624
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Lim, SYD., Oon, HH. Systematic review of immunomodulatory therapies for hidradenitis suppurativa. Biologics. 2019;13:53-78.doi:10.2147/BTT.S199862 31190730
Google Scholar | Medline7. Gupta, AK., Studholme, C. Adalimumab (Humira) for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa. Skin Therapy Lett. 2016;21(4):1-4.27388530
Google Scholar | Medline8. Włodarek, K., Ponikowska, M., Matusiak, Ł., Szepietowski, JC. Biologics for hidradenitis suppurativa: an update. Immunotherapy. 2019;11(1):45-59.doi:10.2217/imt-2018-0090 30702012
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline9. Dogra, S., Mahajan, R. Biologics in pediatric psoriasis–efficacy and safety. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018;17(1):9-16.doi:10.1080/14740338.2018.1391787 29022425
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Liy-Wong, C., Pope, E., Lara-Corrales, I. Hidradenitis suppurativa in the pediatric population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(5 Suppl 1):S36-S41.doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.051 26470613
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 19621072
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI12. AM . Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine - Levels of Evidence (March 2009) [Internet]. CEBM. 2016. https://www.cebm.net/2009/06/oxford-centre-evidence-based-medicine-levels-evidence-march-
Google Scholar13. Adams, DR., Gordon, KB., Devenyi, AG., Ioffreda, MD. Severe hidradenitis suppurativa treated with infliximab infusion. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(12):1540-1542.doi:10.1001/archderm.139.12.1540 14676068
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Chinniah, N., Cains, GD. Moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa treated with biological therapies. Australas J Dermatol. 2014;55(2):128-131.doi:10.1111/ajd.12136 24456051
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Oranges, T., Chiricozzi, A., Iannone, M., Romanelli, M., Dini, V. Long-term outcome of adalimumab in a young girl with hidradenitis suppurativa. Skin Appendage Disord. 2018;5(1):38-41.doi:10.1159/000487365 30643779
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Cusack, C., Buckley, C. Etanercept: effective in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154(4):726-729.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07067.x 16536817
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Fougerousse, A-C., Reguiai, Z., Roussel, A., Bécherel, P-A. Hidradenitis suppurativa management using tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients younger than 18 years: A series of 12 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(1):199-201.doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.02.071 32151626
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Genovese, G., Caorsi, R., Moltrasio, C., Marzano, AV. Successful treatment of co-existent SAPHO syndrome and hidradenitis suppurativa with adalimumab and methotrexate. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33 Suppl 6(c2r, 9216037):40-41.doi:10.1111/jdv.15849 31535768
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Ianhez, M., Mendonca, L., Pereira, S., Prado, M., Ceccherini, I., Gattorno, M. Hidradenitis suppurativa in KID’s syndrome: Genetic characterisation, clinical and surgical intervention. Exp Dermatol. 2019;28(Supplement 2):29.
Google Scholar20. Lopes, S., Gomes, N., Trindade, E., Azevedo, F., Magina, S. Hidradenitis suppurativa in a prepubertal girl. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2019;28(3):139-141.doi:10.15570/actaapa.2019.34 31545394
Google Scholar | Medline21. Mahiques Santos, L., Juan Aguilar, M. The importance of recognizing isolated facial hidradenitis suppurativa. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(4 Supplement 1):AB285.
Google Scholar22. Sahu, P., Aggarwal, P., Dayal, S., Kumar Jain, V., Jain, K. Biologic therapy: a boon for hidradenitis suppurativa-like lesions complicating naevus comedonicus in a prepubertal child. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2019;44(3):322-324.doi:10.1111/ced.13685 29888492
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline23. Kamal, N., Cohen, BL., Buche, S., Delaporte, E., Colombel, J-F. Features of Patients With Crohn’s Disease and Hidradenitis Suppurativa. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc. 2016;14(1):71-79.
Google Scholar | Medline24. Monsalvez, V., Postigo, C., Rivera, R., Palencia, S. Hidradenitis suppurativa and ulcerative colitis, difficult treatment to control both pathologies at the same time. Exp Dermatol. 2019;28(Supplement 2):21.
Google Scholar25. Provini, LE., Stellar, JJ., Stetzer, MN., Nguyen, PD., Jen, M. Combination hyperbaric oxygen therapy and ustekinumab for severe hidradenitis suppurativa. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019;36(3):381-383.doi:10.1111/pde.13775 30805965
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Casseres, RG., Kahn, JS., Her, MJ., Rosmarin, D. Guselkumab in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa: a retrospective chart review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(1):265-267.doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.12.017 30562567
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Hsiao, JL., Antaya, RJ., Berger, T., Maurer, T., Shinkai, K., Leslie, KS. Hidradenitis suppurativa and concomitant pyoderma gangrenosum: a case series and literature review. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146(11):1265-1270.doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2010.328 21079064
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline28. van der Zee, HH., de Ruiter, L., van den Broecke, DG., Dik, WA., Laman, JD., Prens, EP. Elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 in hidradenitis suppurativa skin: a rationale for targeting TNF-α and IL-1β. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(6):1292-1298.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10254.x 21332464
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline29. Dréno, B., Khammari, A., Brocard, A et al. Hidradenitis suppurativa: the role of deficient cutaneous innate immunity. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148(2):182-186.doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2011.315 22004878
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Schlapbach, C., Hänni, T., Yawalkar, N., Hunger, RE. Expression of the IL-23/Th17 pathway in lesions of hidradenitis suppurativa. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(4):790-798.doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.07.010 21641076
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. Roses, RE., Xu, S., Xu, M., Koldovsky, U., Koski, G., Czerniecki, BJ. Differential production of IL-23 and IL-12 by myeloid-derived dendritic cells in response to TLR agonists. J Immunol. 2008;181(7):5120-5127.doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.7.5120 18802116
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline32. Langrish, CL., McKenzie, BS., Wilson, NJ., de Waal Malefyt, R., Kastelein, RA., Cua, DJ. Il-12 and IL-23: master regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev. 2004;202(1):96-105.doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00214.x 15546388
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline33. Kirby, JS., Zaenglein, AL. Recognizing the effects and disparities of pediatric hidradenitis suppurativa. JAMA Dermatol. 2021;157(4):379.doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.5434 33625471
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline34. Liy-Wong, C., Kim, M., Kirkorian, AY et al. Hidradenitis suppurativa in the pediatric population: an international, multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study of 481 pediatric patients. JAMA Dermatol. 2021;157(4):385-391.doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.5435 33625473
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline35. Alikhan, A., Sayed, C., Alavi, A et al. North American clinical management guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa: a publication from the United States and Canadian hidradenitis suppurativa foundations: Part I: diagnosis, evaluation, and the use of complementary and procedural management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(1):76-90.doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.02.067 30872156
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline36. Choi, E., Ooi, XT., Chandran, NS. Hidradenitis suppurativa in pediatric patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;29(4).doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.08.045 18 Aug 2020.32822788
Google Scholar | Medline37. Janse, I., Bieniek, A., Horváth, B., Matusiak, Ł. Surgical procedures in hidradenitis suppurativa. Dermatol Clin. 2016;34(1):97-109.doi:10.1016/j.det.2015.08.007 26617363
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline38. Riis, PT., Saunte, DM., Sigsgaard, V et al. Clinical characteristics of pediatric hidradenitis suppurativa: a cross-sectional multicenter study of 140 patients. Arch Dermatol Res. 2020;312(10):715-724.doi:10.1007/s00403-020-02053-6 32166376
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline39. Savva, A., Kanni, T., Damoraki, G et al. Impact of Toll-like receptor-4 and tumour necrosis factor gene polymorphisms in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168(2):311-317.doi:10.1111/bjd.12105 23106544
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline