1.
Abrams, P, Cardozo, L, Fall, M, et al. The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: Report from the Standardisation Sub-Committee of the International Continence Society. Urology 2003; 61: 37-49.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI2.
Hannestad, YS, Rortveit, G, Sandvik, H, et al. A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: The Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of incontinence in the County of Nord-Trondelag. J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53: 1150e7.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline3.
Hampel, C, Wienhold, D, Benken, N, et al. Definition of overactive bladder and epidemiology of urinary incontinence. Urology 1997; 50: 4-14.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI4.
Hunskaar, S, Lose, G, Sykes, D, et al. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in four European countries. BJU Int 2004;93: 324-330.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI5.
Wilson, L, Brown, JS, Shin, GP, et al. Annual direct cost of urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98: 398-406.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI6.
Lin, CS, Lue, TF. Stem cell therapy for stress urinary incontinence: A critical review. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21: 834-843.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline7.
Viktrup, L. Female stress and urge incontinence in family practice: Insight into the lower urinary tract. Int J Clin Pract 2002; 56: 694-700.
Google Scholar |
Medline8.
DeGroat, WC, Downie, JW, Levin, RM, et al. Basic neurophysiology and neuropharmacology. In: Abrams, P, Cardozo, L, Khoury, S, et al. (eds) Incontinence. Plymouth (UK): Plymbridge Distributors Ltd, 1999, pp.105-155.
Google Scholar9.
Danuser, H, Thor, KB. Spinal 5-HT2 receptor-mediated facilitation of pudendal nerve reflexes in the anaesthetized cat. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 118: 150-154.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline10.
Patel, DA, Xu, X, Thomason, AD, et al. Childbirth and pelvic floor dysfunction: An epidemiologic approach to the assessment of prevention opportunities at delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195: 23–28.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline11.
Alas, AN, Chinthakanan, O, Espaillat, L, et al. De novo stress urinary incontinence after pelvic organ prolapse surgery in women without occult incontinence. Int Urogynecol J 2017; 28: 583–590.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline12.
Burkhard, FC, Bosch, JLHR, Cruz, F, et al. EAU-guideline urinary incontinence,
http://uroweb.org/guideline/urinary-incontinence/ (2017, accessed 14 June 2021).
Google Scholar13.
Imamura, M, Williams, K, Wells, M, et al. Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015: CD003505.
Google Scholar |
Crossref14.
Wilson, PD, Bo, K, Hay-Smith, J, et al. Conservative treatment in women. In: Abrams, P, Cardozo, L, Khoury, S, et al. (eds) Incontinence. Plymouth (UK): Plymbridge Distributors Ltd, 2002, pp.571–624.
Google Scholar15.
Subak, LL, Wing, R, West, DS, et al. Weight loss to treat urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 481e90.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline16.
Lavelle, ES, Zyczynski, HM. Stress urinary incontinence: Comparative efficacy trials. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 2016; 43: 45e57.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline17.
Imamura, M, Abrams, P, Bain, C, et al. Systematic review and economic modelling of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-surgical treatments for women with stress urinary incontinence. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14: 1e188 (iii–iv).
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline18.
Kegel, AH. Progressive resistance exercise in the functional restoration of the perineal muscles. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1948; 56: 238e48.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline19.
Moen, MD, Noone, MB, Vassallo, BJ, et al.; Urogynecology Network. Pelvic floor muscle function in women presenting with pelvic floor disorders. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2009; 20: 843–846.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI20.
Thakar, R, Stanton, S. Management of urinary incontinence in women. BMJ 2000; 321: 1326-1331.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline21.
Mørkved, S, Bø, K, Schei, B, et al. Pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy to prevent urinary incontinence: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 101: 313-319.
Google Scholar |
Medline |
ISI22.
Dumoulin, C, Cacciari, LP, Hay-Smith, EJC. Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014: CD005654.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline23.
Bo, K, Hilde, G. Does it work in the long term? A systematic review on pelvic floor muscle training for female stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 2013; 32: 215e23.
Google Scholar |
Crossref24.
Hay-Smith, EJ, Bo Berghmans, LC, Hendriks, HJ, et al. Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Incontinence Group. In: The Cochrane Library, issue 1. Oxford: Update Software, 2001.
Google Scholar25.
Ayeleke, RO, Hay-Smith, EJ, Omar, MI. Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015: CD010551.
Google Scholar |
Crossref26.
Kucukkaya, B, Kahyaoglu Sut, H. Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle and abdominal training in women with stress urinary incontinence. J Psychol Health Med 2021; 26: 779-786.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline27.
Lin, HH, Sheu, BC, Lo, MC, et al. Comparison of treatment outcomes of imipramine for female genuine stress incontinence. BJOG 1999; 106: 1089-1092.
Google Scholar |
Crossref28.
Nasu, K, Moriyama, N, Fukasawa, R, et al. Quantification and distribution of α1-adrenoceptor subtype mRNAs in human proximal urethra. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 123: 1289-1293.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline29.
Andersson, KE. Pharmacological treatment of urinary incontinence. In: Abrams, P, Cardozo, L, Khoury, S, Wein, A editors. Incontinence. 2nd ed. Plymouth (UK): Plymbridge Distributors Ltd, 2002, pp.479-511.
Google Scholar30.
Alhasso, A, Glazener, CM, Pickard, R, et al. Adrenergic drugs for urinary incontinence in adults (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane library, issue 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004.
Google Scholar31.
Fantl, JA, Cardozo, L, McClish, DK. Estrogen therapy in the management of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women: A meta-analysis. First report of the Hormones and Urogenital Therapy Committee. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83: 12–18.
Google Scholar |
Medline32.
Dessole, S, Rubattu, G, Ambrosini, G, et al. Efficacy of low-dose intravaginal estriol on urogenital aging in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2004; 11: 49–56.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI33.
Capobianco, G, Donolo, E, Borghero, G, et al. Effects of intravaginal estriol and pelvic floor rehabilitation on urogenital aging in postmenopausal women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 285: 397–403.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline34.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Urinary incontinence in women: The management of urinary incontinence in women: NICE Clinical Guideline CG171, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London (UK),
http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG171 (2013, accessed 11 September).
Google Scholar35.
Thor, KB, Katofiasc, MA. Effects of duloxetine, a combined serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on central neural control of lower urinary tract function in the cholarose-anesthetized female cat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274: 1014-1024.
Google Scholar |
Medline |
ISI36.
Dmochowski, RR, Miklos, JR, Norton, PA, et al. Duloxetine versus placebo for the treatment of North American women with stress urinary incontinence. J Urol 2003; 170: 1259-1263.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline37.
Van Kerrebroeck, P, Abrams, P, Lange, R, et al.; For the Duloxetine Urinary Incontinence Study Group. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of European and Canadian women with stress urinary incontinence. BJOG 2004; 111: 249-257.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI38.
Millard, RJ, Moore, K, Rencken, R, et al.; For the Duloxetine UI Study Group. Duloxetine vs placebo in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: A four-continent randomized clinical trial. BJU Int 2004; 93: 311-318.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI39.
Gambacciani, M, Palacios, S. Laser therapy for the restoration of vaginal function. Maturitas 2017; 99: 10–15.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline40.
Baraldi, CE, Puricelli, E, Kulkes, S, et al. Er YAG laser in oral soft tissue surgery. JOLA 2001; 59: 17–20.
Google Scholar41.
Fistonić, N, Fistonić, I, Guštek, ŠF, et al. Minimally invasive, non-ablative Er:YAG laser treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women – a pilot study. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31: 635–643.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline42.
Gambacciani, M, Levancini, M, Cervigni, M. Vaginal erbium laser: The second generation thermotherapy for the genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Climacteric 2015; 18: 757–763.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI43.
Kobashi, KC, Albo, ME, Dmochowski, RR, et al. Surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: AUA/SUFU guideline. J Urol 2017; 198: 875.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline44.
Mamut, A, Carlson, KV. Periurethral bulking agents for female stress urinary incontinence in Canada. Can Urol Assoc J 2017; 11(Suppl. 2): S152–S154.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline45.
American Urological Association . Incontinence,
https://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/incontinence.cfm (2017, accessed 30 January 2017).
Google Scholar46.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Intramural urethral bulking procedures for stress urinary incontinence in women, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London,
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/IPG138/chapter/2-Theprocedure (2005, accessed 30 January 2017).
Google Scholar47.
Ghoniem, G, Boctor, N. Update on urethral bulking agents for female stress urinary incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency. J Urol Res 2014; 1: 1009.
Google Scholar48.
Herschorn, S , et al. Injection therapy for urinary incontinence. In: Wein, A, Kavoussi, LR, Novick, AC (eds) Campbell–Walsh urology, 11th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2013, pp.2049–2069.
Google Scholar49.
Mohr, S, Siegenthaler, M, Mueller, MD, et al. Bulking agents: An analysis of 500 cases and review of the literature. Int Urogynecol J 2013; 24: 241e7.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline50.
Kotb, AF, Campeau, L, Corcos, J. Urethral bulking agents: Techniques and outcomes. Curr Urol Rep 2009; 10: 396–400.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline51.
National Institute for Clinical Excellence . Guidance on the use of tension-free vaginal tape (Gynecare TVT) for stress incontinence. NICE Technology Appraisal guideline – no. 56. London: NICE, 2003.
Google Scholar52.
Eckford, SD, Abrams, P. Para-urethral collagen implantation for female stress incontinence. Br J Urol 1991; 68: 586–589.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline53.
Monga, AK, Robinson, D, Stanton, SL. Periurethral collagen injections for genuine stress incontinence: A 2-year follow-up. Br J Urol 1995; 76: 156–160.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline54.
Khullar, V, Cardozo, LD, Abbott, D, et al. GAX collagen in the treatment of urinary incontinence in elderly women: A two year follow up. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997; 104: 96–99.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline
Comments (0)