1. Warwick, J, Falaschetti, E, Rockwood, K, et al. No evidence that frailty modifies the positive impact of antihypertensive treatment in very elderly people: an investigation of the impact of frailty upon treatment effect in the HYpertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET) study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of antihypertensives in people with hypertension aged 80 and over. BMC Med 2015; 13: 78.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI2. Williamson, JD, Supiano, MA, Applegate, WB, et al. Intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged ≥75 years: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 28: 2673–2682.
Google Scholar | Crossref3. Briasoulis, A, Agarwal, V, Tousoulis, D, et al. Effects of antihypertensive treatment in patients over 65 years of age: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies. Heart 2014; 100: 317–323.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Tryambake, D, He, J, Firbank, MJ, et al. Intensive blood pressure lowering increases cerebral blood flow in older subjects with hypertension. Hypertension 2013; 61: 1309–1315.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI5. PROGRESS Collaborative Group . Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-presure lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358: 1033–1041.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI6. Katsanos, AH, Filippatou, A, Manios, E, et al. Blood pressure reduction and secondary stroke prevention. a systematic review and metaregression analysis of randomized clinical trials. Hypertension 2017; 69: 171–179.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Sandset, EC, Anderson, CS, Bath, PM, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on blood pressure management in acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage. European Stroke J. Online First published: 11 May 2021. DOI: 10.1177/23969873211012133.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals8. Royal College of Physicians . National clinical guideline for stroke. Fifth Edition, 2016. https://www.strokeaudit.org/SupportFiles/Documents/Guidelines/2016-National-Clinical-Guideline-for-Stroke-5t-(1).aspx, last accessed 04/03/21.
Google Scholar9. Nazir, FS, Overell, JR, Bolster, A, et al. Effect of perindopril on cerebral and renal perfusion on normotensives in mild early ischaemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005; 19: 77–83.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI10. Nazir, FS, Overell, JR, Bolster, A, et al. The effect of losartan on global and focal cerebral perfusion and on renal function in hypertensives in mild early ischaemic stroke. J Hypertens 2004; 22: 989–995.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI11. Tarumi, T, Ayaz Khan, M, Liu, J, et al. Cerebral hemodynamics in normal aging: central artery stiffness, wave reflection, and pressure pulsatility. J Cereb Blood flow Metab 2014; 34: 971–978.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI12. Yew, B, Nation, DA, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Cerebrovascular resistance: effects on cognitive decline, cortical atrophy, and progression to dementia. Brain 2017; 140: 1987–2001.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline13. Williams, B, Mancia, G, Spiering, W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; 39: 3021–3104.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Kernan, WN, Ovbiagele, B, Black, HR, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient Ischemic attack. Stroke 2014; 45: 2160–2236.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI15. Fonseca, AC, Merwick, A, Dennis, M, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on management of transient ischaemic attack. European Stroke J. Online First Published March 16, 2021. DOI: 10.1177/2396987321992905.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals16. Dalli, LL, Kim, J, Thrift, AG, et al. Disparities in antihypertensive prescribing after stroke linked data from the Australian stroke clinical registry. Stroke 2019; 50: 3592–3599.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Thrift, AG, Kim, J, Douzmanian, V, et al. Discharge is a critical time to influence 10-year use of secondary prevention therapies for stroke. Stroke 2014; 45: 539–544.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI18. Santos, D, Dhamoon, MS. Trends in antihypertensive medication use among individuals with a history of stroke and hypertension, 2005 to 2016. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77: 1382–1389.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Nobili, F, Rodriguez, G, Marenco, S, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow in chronic hypertension. A correlative study. Stroke 1993; 24: 1148–1153.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI20. Waldstein, SR, Lefkowitz, DM, Siegel, EL, et al. Reduced cerebral blood flow in older men with higher levels of blood pressure. J Hypertens 2010; 28: 993–998.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI21. Beason-Held, LL, Moghekar, A, Zonderman, AB, et al. Longitudinal changes in cerebral blood flow in the older hypertensive brain. Stroke 2007; 38: 1766–1773.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI22. Muller, M, van der Graaf, Y, Visseren, FL, et al. Hypertension and longitudinal changes in cerebral blood flow: the SMART-MR study. Ann Neurol 2012; 71: 825–833.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI23. Rothwell, P, Coull, A, Giles, M, et al. Change in stroke incidence, mortality, case-fatality, severity, and risk factors in Oxfordshire, UK from 1981 to 2004 (Oxford Vascular Study). Lancet 2004; 363: 1925–1933.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI24. Mazzucco, S, Li, L, Tuna, MA, et al. Hemodynamic correlates of transient cognitive impairment after transient ischemic attack and minor stroke: a transcranial doppler study. Int J Stroke 2016; 11: 978–986.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI25. Alexandrov, AV . The Spencer’s curve: clinical implications of a classic hemodynamic model. J Neuroimaging 2007; 17: 6–10.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI26. Aaslid, R, Lindegaard, KF, Sorteberg, W, et al. Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in humans. Stroke 1989; 20: 45–52.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI27. Alexandrov, AV, Tsivgoulis, G, Rubiera, M, et al. End-diastolic velocity increase predicts recanalization and neurological improvement in patients with ischemic stroke with proximal arterial occlusions receiving reperfusion therapies. Stroke 2010; 41: 948–952.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI28. Sandset, EC, Murray, GD, Bath, PMW, et al. Relation between change in blood pressure in acute stroke and risk of early adverse events and poor outcome. Stroke 2012; 43: 2108–2114.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI29. Van Den Bergh, O, Zaman, J, Bresseleers, J, et al. Anxiety, pCO2 and cerebral blood flow. Int J psychophysiology 2013; 89: 72–77.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Kontos, HA . Validity of cerebral arterial blood flow calculations from velocity measurements. Stroke 1989; 20: 1–3.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI31. Sorteberg, W . Cerebral artery blood flow velocity and cerebral blood flow. In: Newell, DW, Aaslid, R, (eds) Transcranial Doppler. New York: Raven Press, Ltd, 1992, pp. 57–66.
Google Scholar32. Newell, DW, Aaslid, R, Lam, A, et al. Comparison of flow and velocity during dynamic autoregulation testing in humans. Stroke 1994; 25: 793–797.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI33. Giller, CA, Bowman, G, Dyer, H, et al. Cerebral arterial diameters during changes in blood pressure and carbon dioxide during craniotomy. Neurosurgery 1993; 32: 737–742.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI34. Webb, AJS . Effects of vasodilating medications on cerebral haemodynamics in health and disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2019; 37: 1119–1125.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline35. Watanabe, M, Hirano, T, Okamoto, S, et al. Azelnidipine, a long-acting calcium channel blocker, could control hypertension without decreasing cerebral blood flow in post-ischemic stroke patients. A 123I-IMP SPECT follow-up study. Hypertens Res 2010; 33: 43–48.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline