Saseen JJ, Ripley TL, Bondi D, et al. ACCP Clinical Pharmacist Competencies. Pharmacotherapy. 2017;37(5):630-636. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1923

Guerreiro MP, Cantrill JA, Martins AP. Preventable drug-related morbidity: determining valid indicators for primary care in Portugal. Acta Med Port. 2007;20(2):107-129.

Sacre H, Hallit S, Hajj A, Zeenny RM, Sili G, Salameh P. Developing core competencies for pharmacy graduates: The Lebanese Experience. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11850/v1 (accessed Feb 8, 2021).

Hilmer SN, McLachlan AJ, Le Couteur DG. Clinical pharmacology in the geriatric patient. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2007;21(3):217-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00473.x

Hanlon JT, Schmader KE, Samsa GP, et al. A method for assessing drug therapy appropriateness. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45(10):1045-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(92)90144-c

Samsa GP, Hanlon JT, Schmader KE, et al. A summated score for the medication appropriateness index: development and assessment of clinimetric properties including content validity. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47(8):891-896. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(94)90192-9

Hanlon JT, Schmader KE. The medication appropriateness index at 20: where it started, where it has been, and where it may be going. Drugs Aging. 2013;30(11):893-900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-013-0118-4

Beers MH, Ouslander JG, Rollingher I, Reuben DB, Brooks J, Beck JC. Explicit criteria for determining inappropriate medication use in nursing home residents. UCLA Division of Geriatric Medicine. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151(9):1825-1832.

National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities. Professional competencies for Canadian at entry to practice pharmacists. 2014; https://napra.ca/sites/default/files/2017-08/Comp_for_Cdn_PHARMACISTS_at_EntrytoPractice_March2014_b.pdf (accessed Jul 24, 2020).

Conférence Internationale des Doyens des facultés de PHARMacie d'Expression Française. [Evaluations of CIDPHARMEF]. https://cidpharmef.org/article/detail/7 (accessed Jul 31, 2020).

High Council for Evaluation of Research and Higher Education. Evaluation and Accreditation. https://www.hceres.fr/en/evaluation-and-accreditation (accessed Jul 31, 2020).

Université Saint-Joseph, [Acquin Self-Assessment Report 2017-2018 (Abridged Version)]. https://www.usj.edu.lb/qualite/pdf/Rapport2018-VersionAbregee.pdf (accessed Jul 31, 2020).

National Competency Standards Framework for Pharmacists in Australia. Pharmaceutical Society of Australia Ltd. 2016; https://www.psa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/National-Competency-Standards-Framework-for-Pharmacists-in-Australia-2016-PDF-2mb.pdf (accessed Jul 29, 2020).

ASHP-ACPE Joint Task Force. Entry-level competencies needed for pharmacy practice in hospitals and health-systems. https://www.ashp.org/-/media/BB3E0831027D43328D1FFB6515E636F7.ashx (accessed Jul 29, 2020).

Meštrović M. Are we competent in pharmacy practice? what are pharmacist competencies and how can they be measured and developed? Adv Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012;1:(e116). https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000116

World Health Organization. Adherence to long-term therapies - Evidence for action. Geneva: WHO; 2003.

George J, Phun YT, Bailey MJ, Kong DC, Stewart K. Development and validation of the medication regimen complexity index. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38(9):1369-1376. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1d479

Horne R, Weinman J, Barber N, Elliott R, Morgan M. Concordance, adherence and compliance in medicine taking. London: NCCSDO; 2005.

Medina MS, Plaza CM, Stowe CD, et al. Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education 2013 educational outcomes. Am J Pharm Educ. 2013;77(8):162. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe778162

Dobesh PP, Bosso J, Wortman S, et al. Critical pathways: the role of pharmacy today and tomorrow. Pharmacotherapy. 2006;26(9):1358-1368. https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.26.9.1358

Paradis E, Zhao R, Kellar J, Thompson A. How are competency frameworks perceived and taught? : An exploratory study in the context of pharmacy education. Perspect Med Educ. 2018;7(3):200-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-018-0432-y

Bruno A, Bates I, Brock T, Anderson C. Towards a global competency framework. Am J Pharm Educ. 2010;74(3):56. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj740356

FIP Education Initiatives. A global competency framework for services provided by pharmacy workforce. https://www.fip.org/files/fip/PharmacyEducation/GbCF_v1.pdf (accessed Jul 29, 2020).

Coombes I, Avent M, Cardiff L, et al. Improvement in pharmacist’s performance facilitated by an adapted competency-based general level framework. J Pharm Pract Res. 2010;40(2):111-118. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2055-2335.2010.tb00517.x

Rutter V, Wong C, Coombes I, et al. Use of a general level framework to facilitate performance improvement in hospital pharmacists in Singapore. Am J Pharm Educ. 2012;76(6):107. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe766107

Ihekoronye MR, Osemene KP. Evaluation of the participation of community pharmacists in primary healthcare services in nigeria: a mixed-method survey. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2020;[Ahead of Print]. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2020.224

Meštrović A, Staničić Z, Hadžiabdić MO, et al. Evaluation of Croatian community pharmacists' patient care competencies using the general level framework. Am J Pharm Educ. 2011;75(2):36. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe75236

Mills E, Bates I, Farmer D, Davies G, Webb D. The general level framework: use in primary care and community pharmacy to support professional development. Int J Pharm Pract. 2008;16(5):325-331. https://doi.org/10.1211/ijpp.16.5.0008

Bruno A. The feasibility, development and validation of a global competency framework for pharmacy education. London: University of London; 2011.

Sacre H, Hallit S, Hajj A, et al. Developing Core Competencies for Pharmacy Graduates: The Lebanese Experience. J Pharm Pract. 2020;897190020966195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0897190020966195

Sacre H, Hallit S, Hajj A, et al. Upgrading pharmacy education to produce practice-ready pharmacists in Lebanon. Pharm Educ 2020;20:985.

Abou-Mrad F, Tarabey L. Healthcare quality in a fragmented society: the Lebanese model. Neurol Sci. 2014;35(2):179-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-013-1473-y

Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon. Directory. https://opl.org.lb/Pharmacist.php (accessed Jul 31, 2020).

Kaliyaperumal K. Guideline for conducting a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study. Commun Ophthalmol. 2004;4:8-9.

Bajis D, Chaar B, Penm J, Moles R. Competency-based pharmacy education in the Eastern Mediterranean Region-A scoping review. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2016;8(3):401-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2016.02.003

Nasser SC, Saad AH, Karaoui LR. Mapping of the biomedical literature evaluation competencies based on pharmacy students' feedback. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16:59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0583-7

Ramia E, Salameh P, Btaiche IF, Saad AH. Mapping and assessment of personal and professional development skills in a pharmacy curriculum. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0533-4

Ramadan B, Metni M, Hamadeh G, Kurdi M, Karam R. Requirements for a Successful Drug Launch in Small Markets: A Pilot Study in Lebanon. Value Health Reg Issues. 2019;19:59-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2019.01.006

Strand MA, Miller DR. Pharmacy and public health: a pathway forward. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2014;54(2):193-197. https://doi.org/10.1331/japha.2014.13145

US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020. https://www.healthypeople.gov (accessed May 1, 2020).

United Nations. About the sustainable development goals. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainabledevelopment-goals/ (accessed May 1, 2020).

Hallit S, Selwan CA, Salameh P. Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Lebanon. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2020;18(2):2003. https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.2.2003

Udoh A, Bruno A, Bates I. A survey of pharmacists' perception of foundation level competencies in African countries. Hum Resour Health. 2018;16(1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0280-1

Echeverri M, Unni E, Harpe SE, et al. A Multi-School Validation of a Revised Scale for Assessing Cultural Competence in Pharmacy Students. Am J Pharm Educ. 2019;83(3):6602. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe6602

Steeb DR, Miller ML, Schellhase EM, et al. Global Health Learning Outcomes by Country Location and Duration for International Experiences. Am J Pharm Educ. 2020;84(5):7682. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7682

Crawford SY, Awé C, Tawk RH, Simon Pickard A. A Cross Sectional and Longitudinal Study of Pharmacy Student Perceptions of Readiness to Serve Diverse Populations. Am J Pharm Educ. 2016;80(4):62. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe80462

Mills E, Laaksonen R, Bates I, Davies G, Duggan C. Self-assessment of competence in a community pharmacy setting. Pharm Educ. 2005;5(3):1-11.

Detlor B, Julien H, Serenko A, Booker L. Factors Affecting Student Learning Outcomes of Information Literacy Instruction. https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.14504701309 (accessed May 1, 2020).

Magaziner J. Education in France. https://wenr.wes.org/2015/09/education-france (accessed Jul 31, 2020).

Boyle M, Myford C. Pharmacists' expectations for entry-level practitioner competency. Am J Pharm Educ. 2013;77(1):5. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7715

Chanakit T, Low BY, Wongpoowarak P, Moolasarn S, Anderson C. Hospital pharmacists' perceptions of the suitability of doctor of pharmacy graduates in hospital settings in Thailand. BMC Med Educ. 2015;15:181. Published 2015 Oct 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-015-0471-6

Accreditation standards and guidelines for the professional program in pharmacy leading to doctor of pharmacy degree: Draft Standards 2016. https://www.acpe-accredit.org/pdf/Standards2016DRAFTv60FIRSTRELEASEVERSION.pdf (accessed Mar 23, 2016).

Držaić M, Kummer I, Mucalo I, Bruno A, Ortner Hadžiabdić M. Identifying self-assessed competencies and areas for improvement within community pharmacist-preceptors support during pre-registration training. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):303. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1413-x

Katoue MG, Awad AI, Schwinghammer TL, Kombian SB. Pharmaceutical care education in Kuwait: pharmacy students' perspectives. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2014;12(3):411. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1886-36552014000300002

Kennie-Kaulbach N, Farrell B, Ward N, et al. Pharmacist provision of primary health care: a modified Delphi validation of pharmacists' competencies. BMC Fam Pract. 2012;13:27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-13-27

Sarriff A, Gillani W, Babiker G. Pharmacist perception to importance and self-competence in pharmacy practice. Int J Pharm Stud Res. 2010;I(II):1-21.

Vyas D, Bhutada NS, Feng X. Patient simulation to demonstrate students' competency in core domain abilities prior to beginning advanced pharmacy practice experiences. Am J Pharm Educ. 2012;76(9):176. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe769176

Schussel KE, Forbes S, Taylor AM, Cooley JH. Implementation of an Interprofessional Medication Therapy Management Experience. Am J Pharm Educ. 2019;83(3):6584. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe6584

Hallit S, Sacre H, Hajj A, Sili G, Zeenny RM, Salameh P. Projecting the future size of the Lebanese pharmacy workforce: forecasts until the year 2050. Int J Pharm Pract. 2019;27(6):582-588. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12564

Sacre H, Hallit S, Hajj A, Zeenny RM, Sili G, Salameh P. The Pharmacy Profession in a Developing Country: Challenges and Suggested Governance Solutions in Lebanon. J Res Pharm Pract. 2019;8(2):39-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_19_5

Sacre H, Tawil S, Hallit S, Sili G, Salameh P. Mandatory continuing education for pharmacists in a developing country: assessment of a three-year cycle. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2019;17(3):1545. https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2019.3.1545

Caputo EL, Feter N, Rombaldi AJ, da Silva MC, Reichert FF. What are the challenges of epidemiological research during the COVID-19 pandemic? Motriz. 2021;27:e10200200. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-657420210000200