Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, has emerged as a significant global health concern, particularly due to its neurological complications in pediatric populations. This scope review summarizes current understanding of CHIKV virology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and clinical manifestations, with an emphasis on neurologic sequelae in neonates and children. We explore the mechanisms of neuroinvasion, describe central and peripheral nervous system involvement, and outline diagnostic strategies and therapeutic approaches. Although supportive care remains the mainstay of management, novel antiviral agents and vaccines are under active investigation. Understanding age-specific presentations and long-term outcomes is essential to mitigate the impact of this neurotropic virus.

Chikungunya

Virus

Neonates

Children

Neurological

Encephalitis

Seizures

Infection

© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.