The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to December 2024 to identify relevant studies. Quality assessment was conducted using both the original and modified versions of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale as appropriate. Data such as sample size, region, age, and gender of participants were extracted. Odds ratios (OR) were pooled using a random-effects model, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Sensitivity analysis, cumulative meta-analysis, multiple subgroup analyses, and publication bias assessments were also performed to assess the stability of the results.