Zheng Y, Yu Q, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Lan L, Yang S, Wu J (2022) Global burden and trends of sexually transmitted infections from 1990 to 2019: an observational trend study. Lancet Infect Dis 22:541–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00448-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization (2024) Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis). Accessed 21 May 2024

Clarivet B, Picot E, Marchandin H, Tribout V, Rachedi N, Schwartzentruber E, Ledésert B, Dereure O, Guillot B, Picot MC (2014) Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium in asymptomatic patients under 30 years of age screened in a French sexually transmitted infections clinic. Eur J Dermatol 24:611–616. https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2014.2413

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fortas C, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Randremanana RV, Crucitti T, Huynh BT (2024) Asymptomatic infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis among women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Glob Public Health 4:e0003226. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003226

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tang W, Mao J, Li KT, Walker JS, Chou R, Fu R, Chen W, Darville T, Klausner J, Tucker JD (2020) Pregnancy and fertility-related adverse outcomes associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect 96:322–329. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-053999

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jamison CD, Coleman JS, Mmeje O (2019) Improving women’s health and combatting sexually transmitted infections through expedited partner therapy. Obstet Gynecol 133:416–422. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003088

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Whelan J, Abbing-Karahagopian V, Serino L, Unemo M (2021) Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally. BMC Infect Dis 21:1152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06381-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Unemo M, Bradshaw CS, Hocking JS, de Vries HJC, Francis SC, Mabey D, Marrazzo JM, Sonder GJB, Schwebke JR, Hoornenborg E, Peeling RW, Philip SS, Low N, Fairley CK (2017) Sexually transmitted infections: challenges ahead. Lancet Infect Dis 17:e235–e279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30310-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2016) Time to take sexually transmitted infections seriously. Lancet Infect Dis 16:981. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30277-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Unemo M, Lahra MM, Escher M, Eremin S, Cole MJ, Galarza P, Ndowa F, Martin I, Dillon JR, Galas M, Ramon-Pardo P, Weinstock H, Wi T (2021) WHO global antimicrobial resistance surveillance for Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2017-18: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Microbe 2:e627–e636. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00171-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae—2014. MMWR Recomm Rep 63(RR–02):1–19

Google Scholar 

Unemo M, Ross J, Serwin AB, Gomberg M, Cusini M, Jensen JS (2020) 2020 European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults. Int J STD AIDS 29:956462420949126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462420949126

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang W, Gaydos CA, Barnes MR, Jett-Goheen M, Blake DR (2013) Comparative effectiveness of a rapid point-of-care test for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis among women in a clinical setting. Sex Transm Infect 89:108–114. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2011-050355

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Dommelen L, van Tiel FH, Ouburg S, Brouwers EE, Terporten PH, Savelkoul PH, Morré SA, Bruggeman CA, Hoebe CJ (2010) Alarmingly poor performance in Chlamydia trachomatis point-of-care testing. Sex Transm Infect 86:355–359. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2010.042598

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huppert J, Hesse E, Gaydos CA (2010) What’s the point?? How point?-of-Care STI tests can impact infected patients. Point Care 9:36–46. https://doi.org/10.1097/POC.0b013e3181d2d8cc

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu G, Hu L, Zhong H, Wang H, Yusa S, Weiss TC, Romaniuk PJ, Pickerill S, You Q (2012) Cross priming amplification: mechanism and optimization for isothermal DNA amplification. Sci Rep 2:246. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00246

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang Z, Du J, Liu T, Wang F, Jia J, Dong L, Zhao L, Xue Y, Jiang G, Yu X, Huang H (2021) EasyNAT MTC assay: A simple, rapid, and low-cost cross-priming amplification method for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis suitable for point-of-care testing. Emerg Microbes Infect 10:1530–1535. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1959271

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen G, Yu J, Chen H, Cen K, Zhou Y, You Q, Wu S (2022) EasyNAT MP assay: A simple, rapid, and Low-Cost method to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae using Cross-Priming amplification technology. Mol Diagn Ther 26:345–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-022-00582-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van der Veer C, Apako J, Sonneveld-Hendriks A, Kaak A, Arias-Claro Handgraaf C, Schaftenaar E, Bastiaens GJH, Flipse J (2025) Clinical validation and evaluation of the easynat malaria assay and the alethia malaria assay In a non-endemic setting: rapid and sensitive assays for detecting plasmodium spp. In returning travellers. Travel Med Infect Dis 65:102830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102830

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fernández-Sánchez F, Martín-Bautista E, Rivas-Ruiz F, Wu W, García-Aranda M, European, RAPID-COVID group (2024) Evaluation of the easynat SARS-CoV-2 assay PCR test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Virol Methods 326:114908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114908

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wi TE, Ndowa FJ, Ferreyra C, Kelly-Cirino C, Taylor MM, Toskin I, Kiarie J, Santesso N, Unemo M (2019) Diagnosing sexually transmitted infections in resource-constrained settings: challenges and ways forward. J Int AIDS Soc Suppl 6:e25343. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25343

Article  Google Scholar 

Toskin I, Govender V, Blondeel K, Murtagh M, Unemo M, Zemouri C, Peeling RW, Kiarie J (2020) Call to action for health systems integration of point-of-care testing to mitigate the transmission and burden of sexually transmitted infections. Sex Transm Infect 96:342–347. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054358

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feltes A, Combs J, Reynolds M, Conroy M, Lindsey S, Dick M, Li J, Reichert E (2024) Impact of point-of-care gonorrhea and chlamydia testing in the emergency department on reducing overtreatment rates. Am J Emerg Med 83:64–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2024.06.040

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fuller SS, Clarke E, Harding-Esch EM (2021) Molecular chlamydia and gonorrhoea point of care tests implemented into routine practice: systematic review and value proposition development. PLoS ONE 16:e0259593. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259593

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Han Y, Shi MQ, Jiang QP, Le WJ, Qin XL, Xiong HZ, Zheng HP, Tenover FC, Tang YW, Yin YP (2022) Clinical performance of the Xpert® CT/NG test for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A multicenter evaluation in Chinese urban hospitals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11:784610. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.784610

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hilmarsdóttir I, Arnardóttir EM, Jóhannesdóttir ER, Golparian D, Unemo M (2021) Chlamydia trachomatis in iceland: prevalence, Clinico-epidemiological features and comparison of Cobas 480 CT/NG and Aptima combo 2 (CT/NG) for diagnosis. Acta Derm Venereol 101:adv00393. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-3762

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gaydos CA (2014) Review of use of a new rapid real-time PCR, the cepheid GeneXpert® (Xpert) CT/NG assay, for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: results for patients while in a clinical setting. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 14:135–137. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737159.2014.871495

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Federal Drug Administration (2019) FDA clears first diagnostic tests for extragenital testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Federal Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-clears-first-diagnostic-tests-extragenital-testing-chlamydia-and-gonorrhea. Accessed 02 July 2019

Venter JME, Mahlangu PM, Müller EE, Lewis DA, Rebe K, Struthers H, McIntyre J, Kularatne RS (2019) Comparison of an in-house real-time duplex PCR assay with commercial HOLOGIC® APTIMA assays for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in urine and extra-genital specimens. BMC Infect Dis 19:6.