Hauerslev M, et al. Childhood obesity on the rise during COVID-19: A request for global leaders to change the trajectory. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022;30(2):288–91.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Obita, G. and A. Alkhatib, Disparities in the Prevalence of Childhood Obesity-Related Comorbidities: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Public Health, 2022. 10.
Heerman WJ, et al. A Narrative Review of Public Health Interventions for Childhood Obesity. Curr Obes Rep. 2024;13(1):87–97.
World Health Organization (2016). Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity. WHO: Geneva, Switzerland. Available from https://www.who.int/end-childhood-obesity/publications/echo-report/en/.
Boyland E, McGale L. Food marketing exposure and power and their associations with food-related attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours: a narrative review. World Health Organization: Geneva. ISBN 9789240041783. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240041783. 2022.
Backholer K, et al. Differential exposure to, and potential impact of, unhealthy advertising to children by socio-economic and ethnic groups: A systematic review of the evidence. Obes Rev. 2021;22(3):e13144.
Kelly B, et al. Global benchmarking of children’s exposure to television advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages across 22 countries. Obes Rev. 2019;20(S2):116–28.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Boyland E, et al. Unhealthy Food and Beverage Marketing to Children in the Digital Age: Global Research and Policy Challenges and Priorities. Annual Rev Nutrition. 2024;2024(44):471–97.
World Health Organization. Tackling food marketing to children in a digital world: trans-disciplinary perspectives. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/publications/2016/tackling-food-marketing-to-children-in-a-digital-world-trans-disciplinary-perspectives-2016. 2016.
Tatlow-Golden M, et al. A safe glimpse within the “black box”? Ethical and legal principles when assessing digital marketing of food and drink to children. WHO Public Health Panorama. 2017;3(4):613–21.
Bica M et al. CLICK: The WHO Europe framework to monitor the digital marketing of unhealthy foods to children and adolescents. https://www.unscn.org/uploads/web/news/UNSCN-Nutrition-45-WEB.pdf UN SCN Nutrition 45 - Nutrition in a Digital World 2020; 69–74].
Tatlow-Golden M, et al. Rising to the challenge: Introducing protocols to monitor food marketing to children from the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Obes Rev. 2021;22(S6):e13212.
Kelly B, et al. Contemporary Approaches for Monitoring Food Marketing to Children to Progress Policy Actions. Curr Nutr Rep. 2023;12(1):14–25.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Valero-Morales I, et al. The nature and extent of food marketing on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube posts in Mexico. Pediatr Obes. 2023;18(5):e13016.
Matos JDP, et al. Publicidade de alimentos em canais do YouTube direcionados à criança no Brasil. Revista de Saúde Pública. 2023;57(1):50.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Potvin Kent M, et al. Normalizing junk food: The frequency and reach of posts related to food and beverage brands on social media. PLOS Digital Health. 2024;3(10):e0000630.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nieto C, et al. Digital food and beverage marketing appealing to children and adolescents: An emerging challenge in Mexico. Pediatr Obes. 2023;18(7):e13036.
Kelly B, Bosward R, Freeman B. Australian Children’s Exposure to, and Engagement With, Web-Based Marketing of Food and Drink Brands: Cross-sectional Observational Study. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(7):e28144.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
World Health Organization. WHO Regional Office for Europe nutrient profile model: second edition. Available from https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2023-6894-46660-68492. 2023.
World Health Organization. Food marketing exposure and power and their associations with food-related attitudes, beliefs and behaviours: a narrative review. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Accessible from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240041783. 2022.
Nicholson E, Kelly B. Establishing the minimum media time sample required to obtain reliable estimates of children’s digital media food marketing exposures. Current Dev Nutrition. 2023;7(6):100092.
Olstad DL, Boyland E. Towards effective restriction of unhealthy food marketing to children: unlocking the potential of artificial intelligence. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2023;20(1):61.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Elliott C, Truman E, Black JE. Tracking teen food marketing: Participatory research to examine persuasive power and platforms of exposure. Appetite. 2023;186:106550.
Cassidy O, et al. Comparing McDonald’s food marketing practices on official Instagram accounts across 15 countries. BMJ Nutrition Prevention Health. 2021;4(2):e000229.
Matos JDP et al. Global case study of digital marketing on social media by a top soda brand. Health Promotion Int, 2022;37(5).
Valderrama CE, et al. Identifying factors that shape whether digital food marketing appeals to children. Public Health Nutr. 2023;26(6):1125–42.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bragg M, et al. How Food Marketing on Instagram Shapes Adolescents’ Food Preferences: Online Randomized Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(10):e28689.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tatlow-Golden M, Boyland E. Unhealthy digital food marketing to children in the Philippines. Accessible from: https://www.unicef.org/eap/media/9571/file/Unhealthy%20Digital%20Food%20Marketing%20-%20Philippines.pdf. 2021.
Ares G, et al. Colorful candy, teen vibes and cool memes: prevalence and content of Instagram posts featuring ultra-processed products targeted at adolescents. Eur J Mark. 2024;58(2):471–96.
de Sio S, et al. Green trust as a mediator in the relationship between green advertising skepticism, environmental knowledge, and intention to buy green food. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(24):16757.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Edwards CG, et al. Prevalence and comparisons of alcohol, candy, energy drink, snack, soda, and restaurant brand and product marketing on Twitch, Facebook Gaming and YouTube Gaming. Public Health Nutr. 2022;25(1):1–12.
Evans R, et al. Food and non-alcoholic beverage marketing via Fortnite streamers on Twitch: A content analysis. Appetite. 2024;195:107207.
Ares G, et al. Health-Washing of Ultraprocessed Products on Instagram: Prevalence and Strategies in an Emerging Market. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2023;55(11):815–22.
Antúnez L, et al. COVID-washing of ultra-processed products: the content of digital marketing on Facebook during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(5):1142–52.
Gerritsen S et al. The timing, nature and extent of social media marketing by unhealthy food and drinks brands during the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Zealand. Front Nutrition, 2021;8.
Brooks R, et al. Turning users into ‘unofficial brand ambassadors’: marketing of unhealthy food and non-alcoholic beverages on TikTok. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(6):e009112.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Baldwin HJ, Freeman B, Kelly B. Like and share: associations between social media engagement and dietary choices in children. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(17):3210–5.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Haushalter K, et al. User engagement with a popular food brand before, during and after a multi-day interactive marketing campaign on a popular live streaming platform. Public Health Nutr. 2023;26(4):716–24.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rummo PE, et al. Examining the Relationship between Youth-Targeted Food Marketing Expenditures and the Demographics of Social Media Followers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1631.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fleming-Milici F, Harris JL. Adolescents’ engagement with unhealthy food and beverage brands on social media. Appetite. 2020;146:104501.
Ares G, et al. ‘Even if you don’t pay attention to it, you know it’s there’: A qualitative exploration of adolescents’ experiences with digital food marketing. Appetite. 2022;176:106128.
Murphy G et al. See, Like, Share, Remember: Adolescents' Responses to Unhealthy-, Healthy- and Non-Food Advertising in Social Media. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020:17(7).
Qutteina Y, et al. Food for teens: how social media is associated with adolescent eating outcomes. Public Health Nutr. 2022;25(2):290–302.
Comments (0)