Angham Najah Al-Khafaji Zahraa Yosif Motaweq

Keywords: Anti-dsDNA, Anti C1q, ELIZA, Interlukein-35, Lupus Nephritis, SLE

Abstract

Background & Objective: Lupus Nephritis (LN) is considered a serious manifestation of SLE (SLE). which is diagnosed through Immunological biomarker. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a member of the interleukin-12 family, has been identified as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the past ten years, the role of IL-35 in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has been studied extensively. We aimed to detect LN using immunological markers and to evaluate serum levels of iL-35 in LN patients with and without bacteria.

Methodology: Serum levels of iL-35 were measured in 120 adults, including 60 patients with LN, 30 patients with kidney failure and 30 from healthy volunteers using ELISA.

Results: Females were found to be highly infected with LN compared with males. LN was more prevalent at the age of 15-45 years and more highly infected with the disease compared with other ages. Anti-dsDNA and Anti-C1q antibodies are good Immunological markers to consider to detect LN patients. Levels of serum IL-35 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the LN group compared with those with kidney failure (KF Group) and healthy groups. IL-35 levels were significantly higher in LN patients - (mean 90.36 ± 20.02 pg/mL), than Kidney failure group (77.15 ± 25.7 pg/mL) and the Healthy group (70.76 ± 17.96 pg/mL) (P ≤ 0.001). The concentration of IL-35 was high in males infected and non-infected with bacteria as compared to females. The differences in the results of these two subgroups were statistically not significant at a mean probability of P ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion: It was concluded from the results of this study that the increase in interleukin-35 in patients with lupus nephritis compared with renal failure and healthy groups is considered a predictive sign for detecting the disease, in addition to the role of bacteria in raising interleukin 35 in the subgroups lupus nephritis and renal failure compared to the healthy groups.

Abbreviations: APC: antigen presenting cells, IL-35: Interlukein-35, SLE; SLE, LN: Lupus nephritis, ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay, dsDNA: double stranded DNA, OD: optical density, ROC: Receiver operator characteristic

Keywords: Anti-dsDNA, Anti C1q; ELIZA, Interlukein-35, Lupus Nephritis, SLE

Citation: Al-Khafaji AN, Motaweq ZY. Evaluation and management of interlukein-35 (IL-35) in prognosis of patient with lupus nephritis. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2025;29(4):308-17. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v29i4.xxxx

Received: March 07, 2025; Revised: April 27, 2025; Accepted: April 27, 2025