Dr. Dashtipour reports serving as a consultant, speaker, or adviser for AbbVie, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Acorda Therapeutics, Avion Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Neurocrine Biosciences, Revance Therapeutics, Sunovion Respiratory Development, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, and Teva Pharmaceuticals. The other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.

The study was supported by NIH (grants SC3 NS124906 and T34 GM136467 to Dr. Jones). The Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative, a public-private partnership, is funded by the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and funding partners, including Abbvie, AcureX, Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s, Allergan, Amathus Therapeutics, AskBio, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, BIAL, Biogen, Biohaven, BioLegend, BlueRock Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Calico Labs, Celgene, Cerevel Therapeutics, Coave Therapeutics, DaCapo Brainscience, Denali, Edmond J. Safra Foundation, Eli Lilly, 4D Pharma, Gain Therapeutics, GE HealthCare, Genentech, GSK, Golub Capital, Handl Therapeutics, Insitro, Janssen Neuroscience, Lundbeck, Merck, Meso Scale Discovery, Mission Therapeutics, Neurocrine Biosciences, Pfizer, Piramal, Prevail Therapeutics, Roche, Sanofi, Servier, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Takeda, Teva, UCB, Vanqua Bio, Verily, Voyager Therapeutics, the Weston Family Foundation, and Yumanity Therapeutics.