Changes in the triglyceride-glucose-body mass index estimate the risk of hypertension among the middle-aged and older population: a prospective nationwide cohort study in China in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine

Zhou B, Perel P, Mensah GA, Ezzati M. Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18(11):785–802. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019. a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1223–1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30752-2.

Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, Ng M, Biryukov S, Marczak L, et al. Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990–2015. JAMA. 2017;317(2):165–82. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.19043.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Labban MM, Itani MM, Maaliki D, Radwan Z, Nasreddine L,Itani HA. The sweet and salty dietary face of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in Lebanon. Front Physiol. 2022;12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.802132.

Zhang J, Shao Y, Liu Y, Tao J. A multi-center, open-label, two-arm parallel group non-inferiority randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of pitavastatin, compared to atorvastatin, on glucose metabolism in prediabetics with hypertension and dyslipidemia: rationale and design for the China Hemoglobin A1c Metabolism Protection Union Study (CAMPUS). Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2018;32(6):581–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-018-6826-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Golubnitschaja O, Potuznik P, Polivka J, Pesta M, Kaverina O, Pieper CC, et al. Ischemic stroke of unclear aetiology: a case-by-case analysis and call for a multi-professional predictive, preventive and personalised approach. EPMA Journal. 2022;13(4):535–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-022-00307-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Evsevieva M, Sergeeva O, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Prokhorenko-Kolomoytseva I, Shchetinin E, et al. Pre-pregnancy check-up of maternal vascular status and associated phenotype is crucial for the health of mother and offspring. EPMA Journal. 2022;13(3):351–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-022-00294-1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koklesova L, Mazurakova A, Samec M, Biringer K, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, et al. Homocysteine metabolism as the target for predictive medical approach, disease prevention, prognosis, and treatments tailored to the person. EPMA Journal. 2021;12(4):477–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-021-00263-0.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Golubnitschaja O, Baban B, Boniolo G, Wang W, Bubnov R, Kapalla M, et al. Medicine in the early twenty-first century: paradigm and anticipation - EPMA position paper 2016. EPMA Journal. 2016;7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13167-016-0072-4.

Torres Crigna A, Link B, Samec M, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Endothelin-1 axes in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medicine. EPMA Journal. 2021;12(3):265–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-021-00248-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Campia U, Tesauro M, Cardillo C. Human obesity and endothelium-dependent responsiveness. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;165(3):561–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01661.x.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Seravalle G, Grassi G. Obesity and hypertension. Pharmacol Res. 2017;122:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borga M, West J, Bell JD, Harvey NC, Romu T, Heymsfield SB, et al. Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling. J Investig Med. 2023;66(5):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2018-000722.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cheong KC, Ghazali SM, Hock LK, Subenthiran S, Huey TC, Kuay LK, et al. The discriminative ability of waist circumference, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in identifying metabolic syndrome: variations by age, sex and race. Diabet Metab Syndr. 2015;9(2):74–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2015.02.006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ceolin J, Engroff P, Mattiello R, Schwanke CHA. Performance of anthropometric indicators in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2019;17(4):232–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2018.0113.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fabi M, Meli M, Leardini D, Andreozzi L, Maltoni G, Bitelli M, et al. Body mass index (BMI) is the strongest predictor of systemic hypertension and cardiac mass in a cohort of children. Nutrients. 2023;15(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245079.

Ge WX, Han D, Ding ZY, Yi LP, Yang ZQ, Wang XN, et al. Pediatric body mass index trajectories and the risk of hypertension among adolescents in China: a retrospective cohort study. World J Pediatr. 2023;19(1):76–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-022-00626-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Golubnitschaja O, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Samec M, Biringer K, Büsselberg D, et al. Caution, “normal” BMI: health risks associated with potentially masked individual underweight—EPMA Position Paper 2021. EPMA Journal. 2021;12(3):243–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-021-00251-4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Piché ME, Poirier P, Lemieux I, Després JP. Overview of epidemiology and contribution of obesity and body fat distribution to cardiovascular disease: an update. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;61(2):103–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2018.06.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo S. Insulin signaling, resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: insights from mouse models into disease mechanisms. J Endocrinol. 2014;220(2):T1-t23. https://doi.org/10.1530/joe-13-0327.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gast KB, Tjeerdema N, Stijnen T, Smit JW, Dekkers OM. Insulin resistance and risk of incident cardiovascular events in adults without diabetes: meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(12): e52036. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052036.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guerrero-Romero F, Simental-Mendía LE, González-Ortiz M, Martínez-Abundis E, Ramos-Zavala MaG, Hernández-González SO, et al. The product of triglycerides and glucose, a simple measure of insulin sensitivity. comparison with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2010;95(7):3347–3351. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-0288.

Tsai KZ, Chu CC, Huang WC, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Lin GM. Prediction of various insulin resistance indices for the risk of hypertension among military young adults: the CHIEF cohort study, 2014–2020. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):141. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-024-02229-8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lopez-Jaramillo P, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Martinez-Bello D, Abat MEM, Alhabib KF, Avezum Á, et al. Association of the triglyceride glucose index as a measure of insulin resistance with mortality and cardiovascular disease in populations from five continents (PURE study): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2023;4(1):e23–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00247-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Er LK, Wu S, Chou HH, Hsu LA, Teng MS, Sun YC, et al. Triglyceride glucose-body mass index is a simple and clinically useful surrogate marker for insulin resistance in nondiabetic individuals. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3):e0149731. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149731.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peng N, Kuang M, Peng Y, Yu H, Zhang S, Xie G, et al. Associations between TyG-BMI and normal-high blood pressure values and hypertension: cross-sectional evidence from a non-diabetic population. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1129112. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1129112.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deng D, Chen C, Wang J, Luo S, Feng Y. Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and hypertension in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2023;25(4):370–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14652.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dou J, Guo C, Wang Y, Peng Z, Wu R, Li Q, et al. Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass and one-year all-cause mortality of patients with heart failure: a retrospective study utilizing the MIMIC-IV database. Cardiovas Diabetol. 2023;22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-02047-4.

Nikbakht HR, Najafi F, Shakiba E, Darbandi M, Navabi J,Pasdar Y. Triglyceride glucose-body mass index and hypertension risk in iranian adults: a population-based study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023;23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01411-5.

Du Z, Xing L, Lin M,Sun Y. Estimate of prevalent ischemic stroke from triglyceride glucose-body mass index in the general population. BMC Cardiovas Disord. 2020;20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01768-8.

Wang X, Liu J, Cheng Z, Zhong Y, Chen X,Song W. Triglyceride glucose-body mass index and the risk of diabetes: a general population-based cohort study. Lipids Health Dis. 2021;20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01532-7.

Huang X, He J, Wu G, Peng Z, Yang B,Ye L. TyG-BMI and hypertension in Normoglycemia subjects in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Diabet Vasc Dis Res. 2023;20(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/14791641231173617.

Chen Y, Du J, Zhou N, Song Y, Wang W,Hong X. Correlation between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and hypertension risk: evidence from a cross-sectional study with 60,283 adults in eastern China. BMC Cardiovas Disord. 2024;24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-03934-8.

Wang R, Chen C, Xu G,Jin Z. Association of triglyceride glucose-body mass index and hemoglobin glycation index with heart failure prevalence in hypertensive populations: a study across different glucose metabolism status. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-024-02045-9.

Zhao Y, Hu Y, Smith JP, Strauss J, Yang G. Cohort profile: the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS). Int J Epidemiol. 2012;43(1):61–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys203.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hribal ML, Er L-K, Wu S, Chou H-H, Hsu L-A, Teng M-s, et al. Triglyceride glucose-body mass index is a simple and clinically useful surrogate marker for insulin resistance in nondiabetic individuals. Plos One. 2016;11(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149731.

Cui H, Liu Q, Wu Y,Cao L. Cumulative triglyceride-glucose index is a risk for CVD: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovas Diabetol. 2022;21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-022-01456-1.

Liu T, Xuan H, Yin J, Wang L, Wang C, Xu X, et al. Triglyceride glucose index increases significantly risk of hypertension development in Chinese individuals aged ≥45 years old: analysis from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2023;16:63–73. https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.S391905.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Comments (0)

No login
gif