Am J Perinatol
DOI: 10.1055/a-2382-7475

Francis B. Mimouni

1   Department of Pediatrics and Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

,

Jane C. Khoury

2   Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio

3   Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

4   Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio

,

Shelley Ehrlich

2   Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio

3   Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

5   Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

,

Barak Rosen

6   Department of Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey

,

Galit Sheffer-Mimouni

1   Department of Pediatrics and Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

,

Menachem Miodovnik

7   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia

› Author Affiliations Funding U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, HD 11725 Diabetes in Pregnancy (PPG).
› Further Information Also available at    Buy Article Permissions and Reprints Abstract

This study aimed to review the Cincinnati PPG's contribution to the understanding and treatment of neonatal hypocalcemia (NHC) in infants of diabetic mothers. This study is a retrospective review of the NIH-funded Program Project Grant (PPG) works related to mineral metabolism in type 1 diabetic pregnant women. The PPG investigators first described the epidemiology and the additional risk factors for NHC, namely prematurity and neonatal asphyxia, but also recognized the independent effect of maternal diabetes mellitus. They explored the link between NHC and maternal/neonatal hypomagnesemia. They finally conducted a randomized control trial of prevention of NHC by early administration of magnesium sulfate soon after birth to prevent NHC. The PPG in its various phases has allowed to reveal the important role that magnesium plays in the regulation of mineral metabolism in pregnancy and in particular the pregnancy complicated by pregestational diabetes.

Key Points

Poor glycemic control during pregnancy leads to maternal magnesium deficiency.

Maternal magnesium deficiency leads to fetal and neonatal magnesium deficiency.

Neonatal magnesium deficiency leads to functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone resistance.

Keywords magnesium deficiency - neonatal hypocalcemia - neonatal hypomagnesemia - type 1 diabetes mellitus Publication History

Received: 28 March 2024

Accepted: 06 August 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
08 August 2024

Article published online:
29 August 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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