Sugrue A, Vaidya V, Witt C, DeSimone CV, Yasin O, Maor E, et al. Irreversible electroporation for catheter-based cardiac ablation: a systematic review of the preclinical experience. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2019;55:251–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-019-00574-3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reddy VY, Neuzil P, Koruth JS, et al. Pulsed field ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(3):315–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.021.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reddy VY, Dukkipati SR, Neuzil P, et al. Pulsed field ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: 1-year outcomes of IMPULSE, PEFCAT, and PEFCAT II. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2021;7(5):614–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2021.02.014.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Verma A, Haines DE, Boersma LV, et al. Pulsed field ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: PULSED AF pivotal trial. Circulation. 2023;147(19):1422–32. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.063988.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ekanem E, Reddy VY, Schmidt B, et al. Multi-national survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety on the post-approval clinical use of pulsed field ablation (MANIFEST-PF). Europace. 2022;24(8):1256–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euac050. [published correction appears in Europace. 2023 Feb 16;25(2):449].

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stewart MT, Haines DE, Verma A, et al. Intracardiac pulsed field ablation: proof of feasibility in a chronic porcine model. Heart Rhythm. 2019;16(5):754–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.10.030.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Howard B, Haines DE, Verma A, Packer D, Kirchhof N, Barka N, Onal B, Fraasch S, Miklavcic D, Stewart MT. Reduction in pulmonary vein stenosis and collateral damage with pulsed field ablation compared with radiofrequency ablation in a canine model. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2020;13:e008337. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.120.008337.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Howard B, Haines DE, Verma A, et al. Characterization of phrenic nerve response to pulsed field ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2022;15(6):e010127. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.121.010127.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stewart MT, Haines DE, Miklavcic D, Kos B, Kirchhof N, Barka N, Mattison L, Martien M, Onal B, Howard B, et al. Safety and chronic lesion characterization of pulsed field ablation in a Porcine model. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021;32:958–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.14980.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Howard B, Verma A, Tzou WS, et al. Effects of electrode-tissue proximity on cardiac lesion formation using pulsed field ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2022;15(10):e011110. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.122.011110.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kléber AG, Janse MJ, Wilms-Schopmann FJ, Wilde AA, Coronel R. Changes in conduction velocity during acute ischemia in ventricular myocardium of the isolated porcine heart. Circulation. 1986;73(1):189–98. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.73.1.189.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Linnenbank AC, de Bakker JMT, Coronel R. How to measure propagation velocity in cardiac tissue: a simulation study. Front Physiol. 2014;5:267. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00267.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aziz Z, Shatz D, Raiman M, et al. Targeted ablation of ventricular tachycardia guided by wavefront discontinuities during sinus rhythm: a new functional substrate mapping strategy. Circulation. 2019;140(17):1383–97. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042423.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chaigne S, Sigg DC, Stewart MT, Hocini M, Batista Napotnik T, Miklavčič D, et al. Reversible and irreversible effects of electroporation on contractility and calcium homeostasis in isolated cardiac ventricular myocytes. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2022;15:e011131. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.122.011131.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mesas CE, Augello G, Lang CC, et al. Electroanatomic remodeling of the left atrium in patients undergoing repeat pulmonary vein ablation: mechanistic insights and implications for ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006;17(12):1279–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00654.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thiagalingam A, D’Avila A, Foley L, et al. Importance of catheter contact force during irrigated radiofrequency ablation: evaluation in a porcine ex vivo model using a force-sensing catheter. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010;21(7):806–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2009.01693.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reddy VY, Shah D, Kautzner J, et al. The relationship between contact force and clinical outcome during radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the TOCCATA study. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9(11):1789–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.07.016.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reddy VY, Dukkipati SR, Neuzil P, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of the safety and effectiveness of a contact force-sensing irrigated catheter for ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: results of the TactiCath contact force ablation catheter study for atrial fibrillation (TOCCASTAR) study. Circulation. 2015;132(10):907–15. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014092.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Virk SA, Ariyaratnam J, Bennett RG, Kumar S. Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of contact force sensing on the safety and efficacy of atrial fibrillation ablation: discrepancy between observational studies and randomized control trial data. Europace. 2019;21(2):239–49. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euy266.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Macle L, Frame D, Gache LM, Monir G, Pollak SJ, Boo LM. Atrial fibrillation ablation with a spring sensor-irrigated contact force-sensing catheter compared with other ablation catheters: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(6):e023775. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023775. (Published 2019 Jun 11).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mattison L, Verma A, Tarakji KG, et al. Effect of contact force on pulsed field ablation lesions in porcine cardiac tissue. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2023;34(3):693–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.15813.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hocini M, Condie C, Stewart MT, Kirchhof N, Foell JD. Predictability of lesion durability for AF ablation using phased radiofrequency: power, temperature, and duration impact creation of transmural lesions. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13(7):1521–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.02.012.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar