Walter Reinisch WR has served as a speaker for AbbVie, Celltrion, Ferring, Janssen, Galapagos Medice, MSD, Roche, Pfizer, Sobi, Takeda, as a consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, AOP Orphan, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calyx, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Index Pharma, Janssen, Medahead, Microbiotica, Pfizer, Takeda; as an advisory board member for AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Galapagos, Janssen, Pfizer, and has received research funding from AbbVie, Janssen, Sandoz, Sanofi, Takeda. Gil Y. Melmed is a consultant for AbbVie, Arena, BI, BMS, Ferring, Fresenius Kalbi, Genentech, Gilead, Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, Prometheus, Samsung Bioepis, Takeda, and Techlab. Hiroshi Nakase reports receiving personal fees from AbbVie Inc., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., Celgene K.K., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Zeria Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., D Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd JIMRO Co., Ltd., as well as grants for commissioned/joint research from Hoya Group Pentax Medical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Jakob Seidelin has received research grants from Takeda and Janssen, and is a national coordinator of studies from AbbVie, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Ely Lilly, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Christopher Ma has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Alimentiv, Amgen, AVIR Pharma Inc, BioJAMP, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Ferring, Fresenius Kabi, Janssen, McKesson, Mylan, Pendopharm, Pfizer, Prometheus Biosciences Inc., Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, Tillotts Pharma; speaker's fees from AbbVie, Amgen, AVIR Pharma Inc, Alimentiv, Bristol Myers Squibb, Ferring, Fresenius Kabi, Janssen, Organon, Pendopharm, Pfizer, Takeda; royalties from Springer Publishing; research support from Ferring, Pfizer. Si Xuan, Valencia Remple, Lani Wegrzyn, Gwen Levy, Yuri Sanchez Gonzalez are employees of AbbVie and may own stock or options. Jacinda Tran is a funded PhD student at the University of and was a contractor for AbbVie. Remo Panaccione has received support for consulting, speaker, advisory board member for, and/or research/educational support from: Abbott, AbbVie, Abbivax, Alimentiv (formerly Robarts), Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion, Cosmos Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, Elan, Eli Lilly, Ferring, Galapagos, Fresenius Kabi, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Glaxo-Smith Kline, JAMP Bio, Janssen, Merck, Mylan, Novartis, Oppilan Pharma, Organon, Pandion Pharma, Pendopharm, Pfizer, Progenity, Prometheus Biosciences, Protagonist Therapeutics, Roche, Sandoz, Satisfai Health, Shire, Sublimity Therapeutics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Theravance Biopharma, Trellus, Viatris, Ventyx, UCB.

This analysis utilized de-identified data from published clinical trial data and therefore ethics committee approval was not required. Each individual trial included in this analysis was approved by independent ethics committees or institutional review boards at each study site and all patients provided written informed consent before enrolling in each clinical trial. Study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments.