S.K, M., S, C., & B.P, A. (2023) Intricate relationship between memory and attention. Indian J Lang Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.54392/ijll2312

AboEl-Azm YH, El-Samahy M, Hendi NI, Arar A, Yasen NS, Ramadan S, Zedan EM, Al-Dardery NM, Khaity A (2023) Safety and efficacy of intranasal insulin in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Translational Res 9(4):222–235

Google Scholar 

Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, Gamst A, Holtzman DM, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Snyder PJ, Carrillo MC, Thies B, Phelps CH (2011) The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Dement J Alzheimer’s Assoc 7(3):270–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008

Article  Google Scholar 

Andreasen C, Andersen A, Hagelqvist P, Maytham K, Lauritsen J, Engberg S, Faber J, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Knop F, Vilsbøll T (2023) Sustained QTc prolongation during recovery from hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes, independently of recovery to Hyper- or Euglycemia. Diabetes Obes Metab. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Benedict C, Hallschmid M, Hatke A, Schultes B, Fehm HL, Born J, Kern W (2004) Intranasal insulin improves memory in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29(10):1326–1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.04.003

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Benedict C, Hallschmid M, Schmitz K, Schultes B, Ratter F, Fehm HL, Born J, Kern W (2007) Intranasal insulin improves memory in humans: superiority of insulin aspart. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 32(1):239–243. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301193

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bradley-Garcia M, Winocur G, Sekeres M (2022) Episodic memory and Recollection Network Disruptions Following Chemotherapy Treatment in breast Cancer survivors: a review of neuroimaging findings. Cancers, p 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194752

Chapman CD, Frey WH 2nd, Craft S, Danielyan L, Hallschmid M, Schiöth HB, Benedict C (2013) Intranasal treatment of central nervous system dysfunction in humans. Pharm Res 30(10):2475–2484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-012-0915-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Deng Y, Zhang B, Gong CX (2014) Deregulation of brain insulin signaling in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Bull 30(2):282–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-013-1408-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cheng G, Huang C, Deng H, Wang H (2012) Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Intern Med J 42(5):484–491. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02758.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Claxton A, Baker LD, Wilkinson CW, Trittschuh EH, Chapman D, Watson GS, Cholerton B, Plymate SR, Arbuckle M, Craft S (2013) Sex and ApoE genotype differences in treatment response to two doses of intranasal insulin in adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimer’s Disease: JAD 35(4):789–797. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-122308

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cowan N (2008) What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory? Prog Brain Res 169:323–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(07)00020-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Craft S, Baker LD, Montine TJ, Minoshima S, Watson GS, Claxton A, Arbuckle M, Callaghan M, Tsai E, Plymate SR, Green PS, Leverenz J, Cross D, Gerton B (2012) Intranasal insulin therapy for Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a pilot clinical trial. Arch Neurol 69(1):29–38. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.233

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Craft S, Raman R, Chow TW, Rafii MS, Sun CK, Rissman RA, Donohue MC, Brewer JB, Jenkins C, Harless K, Gessert D, Aisen PS (2020) Safety, Efficacy, and feasibility of Intranasal insulin for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia: a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 77(9):1099–1109. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1840

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crowe TP, Greenlee MHW, Kanthasamy AG, Hsu WH (2018) Mechanism of intranasal drug delivery directly to the brain. Life Sci 195:44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.025

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DerSimonian R, Kacker R (2007) Random-effects model for meta-analysis of clinical trials: an update. Contemp Clin Trials 28(2):105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2006.04.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duarte J (2023) Loss of brain energy metabolism control as a driver for memory impairment upon insulin resistance. Biochem Soc Trans. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20220789

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erichsen J, Woodruff J, Burzynski H, Grillo C, Reagan L, Fadel J (2020) Mechanisms underlying the procognitive effects of intranasal insulin. Alzheimer’s Dement 16. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.039469

Erichsen J, Woodruff J, Grillo C, Reagan L, Fadel J (2021) Molecular effects of intranasal insulin in the rodent brain: examination of insulin receptor signaling and the glutamatergic system. Alzheimer’s Dement 17. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.054236

Ezkurdia A, Ramírez M, Solas M (2023) Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: a focus on insulin resistance. Int J Mol Sci 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054354

Fihurka O, Wang Y, Hong Y, Lin X, Shen N, Yang H, Brown B, Mommer M, Zieneldien T, Li Y, Kim J, Li M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Cao C (2023) Multi-targeting Intranasal Nanoformulation as a therapeutic for Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomolecules, p 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13020232

Gaddam M, Singh A, Jain N, Avanthika C, Jhaveri S, Hoz I, Sanka S, Goli S (2021) A Comprehensive Review of Intranasal Insulin and its effect on the cognitive function of diabetics. Cureus, p 13. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17219

Gómez-Guijarro M, Álvarez-Bueno C, Saz-Lara A, Sequí-Domínguez I, Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Cavero-Redondo I (2023) Association between severe hypoglycaemia and risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diab/Metab Res Rev 39. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3610

Gottesman RF, Schneider AL, Albert M, Alonso A, Bandeen-Roche K, Coker L, Coresh J, Knopman D, Power MC, Rawlings A, Sharrett AR, Wruck LM, Mosley TH (2014) Midlife hypertension and 20-year cognitive change: the atherosclerosis risk in communities neurocognitive study. JAMA Neurol 71(10):1218–1227. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1646

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hallschmid M, Benedict C, Schultes B, Born J, Kern W (2008) Obese men respond to cognitive but not to catabolic brain insulin signaling. Int J Obes 32(2):275–282. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803722

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Higgins JPT, Green S (eds) (2011) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, www.cochrane-handbook.org

Hrybouski S, Das S, Xie L, Wisse L, Kelley M, Lane J, Sherin M, Dicalogero M, Nasrallah I, Detre J, Yushkevich P, Wolk D (2023) Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Have Dissociable Effects on Medial Temporal Lobe Connectivity. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.18.23284749. medRxiv: the preprint server for health sciences

IntHout J, Ioannidis JP, Borm GF (2014) The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian–Laird method. BMC Med Res Methodol 14:25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-25

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jahn H (2013) Memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease. Dialog Clin Neurosci 15(4):445–454. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.4/hjahn

Article  Google Scholar 

Janson J, Laedtke T, Parisi JE, O’Brien P, Petersen RC, Butler PC (2004) Increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Alzheimer disease. Diabetes 53(2):474–481. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.2.474

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kellar D, Craft S (2020) Brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol 19(9):758–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30231-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kester MI, Goos JD, Teunissen CE, Benedictus MR, Bouwman FH, Wattjes MP, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM (2014) Associations between cerebral small-vessel disease and Alzheimer disease pathology as measured by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. JAMA Neurol 71(7):855–862. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.754

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kivipelto M, Mangialasche F, Snyder HM, Allegri R, Andrieu S, Arai H, Baker L, Belleville S, Brodaty H, Brucki SM, Calandri I, Caramelli P, Chen C, Chertkow H, Chew E, Choi SH, Chowdhary N, Crivelli L, Torre R, Du Y, Carrillo MC (2020) World-wide FINGERS Network: a global approach to risk reduction and prevention of dementia. Alzheimer’s Dement J Alzheimer’s Assoc 16(7):1078–1094. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12123

Article  Google Scholar 

Klune C, Jin B, DeNardo L (2021) Linking mPFC circuit maturation to the developmental regulation of emotional memory and cognitive flexibility. eLife 10. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.64567

Kosukegawa S, Nakaya Y, Kobayashi S, Kitano K, Matsumura S, Ogisawa S, Zama M, Motoyoshi M, Kobayashi M (2023) Insulin facilitates synaptic transmission via gap junctions between fast-spiking interneurons in the rat insular cortex. J Oral Sci. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.22-0438

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kumar L, Vizgaudis W, Klein-Seetharaman J (2021) Structure-based survey of ligand binding in the human insulin receptor. Br J Pharmacol 179:3512–3528. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15777

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li M, Li Y, Zhao K, Tan X, Chen Y, Qin C, Qiu S, Liang Y (2023) Changes in the structure, perfusion, and function of the hippocampus in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front NeuroSci 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1070911

Long C, Han X, Yang Y, Li T, Zhou Q, Chen Q (2022) Efficacy of intranasal insulin in improving cognition in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 14:963933. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.963933