Funding

The TUNE project (Grant no. 11575) was funded by the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF Kankerbestrijding). In addition, the DPOG-TDM study was supported by unrestricted research grants from Ipsen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche. They had no involvement in any other aspect of this study. A research grant for the Dutch GIST Registry was received from Novartis, Pfizer, Bayerv and Deciphera. These funding resources were not involved in the conduct of this research.

Conflict of interest

MM, ELG, MBAvdK, KW, NADG, RFB, AR, ALTI, H-MO, AV, ML, PH, SLWK, DJARM, KEB, DJT, ADRH, and IMED declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. WTAvdG reports institutional research fees paid to the institute from Lilly and advisory compensation from Springworks, PTC Therapeutics, and Agenus, all outside the submitted work. RHJM reports research funding paid to the institute from Astellas, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cristal Therapeutics, Deuter Oncology, Nordic Pharma, Novartis, Pamgene, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and Servier, all outside the submitted work. HG reports institutional research funding from Daiichi Sankyo, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, and Novartis. ADRH is an Editorial Board member of Clinical Pharmacokinetics. ADRH was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. NPvE reports research funding paid to the institute from Astellas and Ipsen, all outside the submitted work. NS reports research grants paid to the institute from Abbvie, Actuate Therapeutics, Amgen, Array, Ascendis Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Blueprint Medicines, Boehringer Ingelheim, BridgeBio, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cantargia, CellCentric, Cogent Biosciences, Cresecendo Biologics, Cytovation, Deciphera, Dragonfly, Eli Lilly, Exelixis, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, IDRx, Immunocore, Incyte, InteRNA, Janssen, Kinnate Biopharma, Kling Biotherapeutics, Luszana, Merck, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merus, Molecular Partners, Navire Pharma, Novartis, Numab Therapeutics, Pfizer, Relay Pharmaceuticals, Revolution Medicin, Roche, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, Taiho, and Takeda, all outside the submitted work. NS provided consultation or attended advisory boards for Boehringer Ingelheim, Cogent Biosciences, Ellipses Pharma, Incyte, and Luszana.

Ethics approval

The DPOG-TDM study (METC17.0941; 07-08-2017) and the TUNE study (2019-5402; 09-05-2019) were approved by the institutional review boards of the NKI-AVL and the RUMC, respectively, as well as the collection of data from patients included in routine clinical care in the NKI-AVL. Approval from the board of directors of each individual hospital was obtained for all participating centers. The local institutional review boards of both the NKI-AVL and the RUMC approved data collection and sharing (14290_IRBd22-206; 25-01-2023).

Informed consent

All patients provided written informed consent.

Data availability

The data generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Authors’ contributions

MM and ELG wrote the manuscript; MM, ELG, ADRH, NPvE, IMED, and NS designed the research; MM and ELG performed the research; MM and ELG analyzed the data; MBAvdK, KW, NADG, RFB, AR, ALTI, H-MO, AV, ML, PH, WTAvdG, HG, DJARM, KEB, DJT, SLWK, and RHJM were responsible for critical revision of the manuscript. All authors gave final approval of the version to be submitted.

Consent to participate

All patients provided written informed consent.

Consent for publication

All authors provide this consent.

Code Availability

The codes used for analyses in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.