Ashina S, Mitsikostas DD, Lee MJ, Yamani N, Wang SJ, Messina R, et al. Tension-type headache. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):24.
Natoli JL, Manack A, Dean B, Butler Q, Turkel CC, Stovner L, Lipton RB. Global prevalence of chronic migraine: a systematic review. Cephalalgia. 2010;30(5):599–609.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Abu Bakar N, Tanprawate S, Lambru G, Torkamani M, Jahanshahi M, Matharu M. Quality of life in primary headache disorders: a review. Cephalalgia. 2016;36(1):67–91.
Shapiro RE, Nicholson RA, Seng EK, Buse DC, Reed ML, Zagar AJ, et al. Migraine-related stigma and its relationship to disability, interictal burden, and quality of life: Results of the OVERCOME (US) study. Neurology. 2024;102(3):e208074.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ashina S, Terwindt GM, Steiner TJ, Lee MJ, Porreca F, Tassorelli C, et al. Medication overuse headache. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023;9(1):5.
Irimia P, Palma JA, Fernandez-Torron R, Martinez-Vila E. Refractory migraine in a headache clinic population. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:94.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Martelletti P, Katsarava Z, Lampl C, Magis D, Bendtsen L, Negro A, et al. Refractory chronic migraine: a consensus statement on clinical definition from the European Headache Federation. J Headache Pain. 2014;15(1):47.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fiorella D, Arthur AS, Yuan H, Bhogal P, Goyal N, Khattar NK, et al. Refractory migraine: a cerebrovascular disease? British Medical Journal Publishing Group; 2023.
Chowdhury D, Datta D, Mundra A. Role of greater occipital nerve block in headache disorders: a narrative review. Neurol India. 2021;69(Supplement):S228–56.
Kurt E, Kollenburg L, van Dongen R, Volkers R, Mulleners W, Vinke S. The untold story of occipital nerve stimulation in patients with cluster headache: surgical technique in relation to clinical efficacy. Neuromodulation. 2024;27(1):22–35.
Djavaherian DM, Guthmiller KB. Occipital neuralgia. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing LLC; 2023.
Dodick DW, Silberstein SD, Reed KL, Deer TR, Slavin KV, Huh B, et al. Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves for the management of chronic migraine: long-term results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2015;35(4):344–58.
Piovesan EJ, Di Stani F, Kowacs PA, Mulinari RA, Radunz VH, Utiumi M, et al. Massaging over the greater occipital nerve reduces the intensity of migraine attacks: evidence for inhibitory trigemino-cervical convergence mechanisms. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2007;65:599–604.
Burns B, Watkins L, Goadsby PJ. Treatment of intractable chronic cluster headache by occipital nerve stimulation in 14 patients. Neurology. 2009;72(4):341–5.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mueller O, Gaul C, Katsarava Z, Diener H, Sure U, Gasser T. Occipital nerve stimulation for the treatment of chronic cluster headache–lessons learned from 18 months experience. Cent Eur Neurosur-Zentralbl Neurochir. 2011;72(02):84–9.
Mammis A, Sinclair GL 3rd, Mogilner AY. Peripheral neuromodulation for headache and craniofacial pain: indications, outcomes, and complications from a single center. Clin Neurosurg. 2012;59:114–8.
Brewer AC, Trentman TL, Ivancic MG, Vargas BB, Rebecca AM, Zimmerman RS, et al. Long-term outcome in occipital nerve stimulation patients with medically intractable primary headache disorders. Neuromodulation: Technol Neural Interface. 2013;16(6):557–64.
Leplus A, Fontaine D, Donnet A, Regis J, Lucas C, Buisset N, et al. Long-term efficacy of occipital nerve stimulation for medically intractable cluster headache. Neurosurgery. 2021;88(2):375–83.
Magis D, Gérard P, Schoenen J. Invasive occipital nerve stimulation for refractory chronic cluster headache: what evolution at long-term? Strengths and weaknesses of the method. J Headache Pain. 2016;17:8.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Leone M, Proietti Cecchini A, Messina G, Franzini A. Long-term occipital nerve stimulation for drug-resistant chronic cluster headache. Cephalalgia. 2017;37(8):756–63.
Cadalso RT, Daugherty J, Holmes C, Ram S, Enciso R. Efficacy of electrical stimulation of the occipital nerve in intractable primary headache disorders: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2018;32(1):40–52.
Garcia-Ortega R, Edwards T, Moir L, Aziz TZ, Green AL, FitzGerald JJ. Burst occipital nerve stimulation for chronic migraine and chronic cluster headache. Neuromodulation: Technol Neural Interface. 2019;22(5):638–44.
Aibar-Durán JÁ, Holzapfel MJÁ, Rodríguez RR, Nieto RB, Arnall CR, Teixido JM. Occipital nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation for refractory cluster headache: a prospective analysis of efficacy over time. J Neurosurg. 2020;134(2):393–400.
Díaz-de-Terán J, Membrilla JA, Paz-Solís J, de Lorenzo I, Roa J, Lara-Lara M, et al. Occipital nerve stimulation for pain modulation in drug-resistant chronic cluster headache. Brain Sci. 2021;11(2):236.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wilbrink LA, de Coo IF, Doesborg PG, Mulleners WM, Teernstra OP, Bartels EC, et al. Safety and efficacy of occipital nerve stimulation for attack prevention in medically intractable chronic cluster headache (ICON): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3, electrical dose-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(7):515–25.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Weiner RL, Reed KL. Peripheral neurostimulation for control of intractable occipital neuralgia. Neuromodulation. 1999;2(3):217–21.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Popeney CA, Aló KM. Peripheral neurostimulation for the treatment of chronic, disabling transformed migraine. Headache: J Head Face Pain. 2003;43(4):369–75.
Matharu MS, Bartsch T, Ward N, Frackowiak RS, Weiner R, Goadsby PJ. Central neuromodulation in chronic migraine patients with suboccipital stimulators: a PET study. Brain. 2004;127(1):220–30.
Oh MY, Ortega J, Bellotte JB, Whiting DM, Aló K. Peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of occipital neuralgia and transformed migraine using a C1–2–3 subcutaneous paddle style electrode: a technical report. Neuromodulation: Technol Neural Interface. 2004;7(2):103–12.
Schwedt T, Dodick D, Hentz J, Trentman T, Zimmerman R. Occipital nerve stimulation for chronic headache—long-term safety and efficacy. Cephalalgia. 2007;27(2):153–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lipton R, Goadsby P, Cady R, Aurora S, Grosberg B, Freitag F, et al. PRISM study: occipital nerve stimulation for treatment-refractory migraine. In: Cephalalgia. Commerce Place, 350 Main St, Malden 02148: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc; 2009.
Serra G, Marchioretto F. Occipital nerve stimulation for chronic migraine: a randomized trial. Pain Physician. 2012;15(3):245–53.
Kiss ZH, Becker WJ. Occipital stimulation for chronic migraine: patient selection and complications. Can J Neurol Sci. 2012;39(6):807–12.
Saper JR, Dodick DW, Silberstein SD, McCarville S, Sun M, Goadsby PJ. Occipital nerve stimulation for the treatment of intractable chronic migraine headache: ONSTIM feasibility study. Cephalalgia. 2011;31(3):271–85.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Silberstein SD, et al. Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves for the management of chronic migraine: results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2012;32(16):1165–79.
Comments (0)