Sereti I, Altfeld M. Immune activation and HIV: an enduring relationship. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016;11(2):129–30.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Paiardini M, Muller-Trutwin M. HIV-associated chronic immune activation. Immunol Rev. 2013;254(1):78–101.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sandler NG, Wand H, Roque A, et al. Plasma levels of soluble CD14 independently predict mortality in HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(6):780–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gough P, Myles IA. Tumor necrosis factor receptors: pleiotropic signaling complexes and their differential effects. Front Immunol. 2020;11:585880.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kumar A, Abbas W, Herbein G. TNF and TNF receptor superfamily members in HIV infection: new cellular targets for therapy? Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:484378.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frostegard J. Immunity, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. BMC Med. 2013;11:117.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vanhamel J, Bruggemans A, Debyser Z. Establishment of latent HIV-1 reservoirs: what do we really know? J Virus Erad. 2019;5(1):3–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deeks SG, Tracy R, Douek DC. Systemic effects of inflammation on health during chronic HIV infection. Immunity. 2013;39(4):633–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sereti I, Krebs SJ, Phanuphak N, et al. Persistent, albeit reduced, chronic inflammation in persons starting antiretroviral therapy in acute HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(2):124–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mimiaga MJ, Pantalone DW, Biello KB, et al. An initial randomized controlled trial of behavioral activation for treatment of concurrent crystal methamphetamine dependence and sexual risk for HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men. AIDS Care. 2019;31(9):1083–95.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Passaro RC, Pandhare J, Qian HZ, Dash C. The complex interaction between methamphetamine abuse and HIV-1 pathogenesis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2015;10(3):477–86.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Luo Y, He H, Ou Y, Zhou Y, Fan N. Elevated serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-18 in chronic methamphetamine users. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2022;37(1):e2810.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiang J, Wang M, Liang B, et al. In vivo effects of methamphetamine on HIV-1 replication: a population-based study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;159:246–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Massanella M, Gianella S, Schrier R, et al. Methamphetamine use in HIV-infected individuals affects T-cell function and viral outcome during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Sci Rep. 2015;5:13179.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carrico AW, Cherenack EM, Roach ME, et al. Substance-associated elevations in monocyte activation among methamphetamine users with treated HIV infection. AIDS. 2018;32(6):767–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gomez-Rial J, Rivero-Calle I, Salas A, Martinon-Torres F. Role of monocytes/macrophages in Covid-19 pathogenesis: implications for therapy. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:2485–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van der Ploeg K, Kirosingh AS, Mori DAM, et al. TNF-alpha(+) CD4(+) T cells dominate the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response in COVID-19 outpatients and are associated with durable antibodies. Cell Rep Med. 2022;3(6):100640.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gohda T, Murakoshi M, Suzuki Y, et al. Circulating tumor necrosis factor receptors are associated with mortality and disease severity in COVID-19 patients. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(10):e0275745.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kivimaki M, Nyberg ST, Batty GD, et al. Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet. 2012;380(9852):1491–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bernstein RS, Meurer LN, Plumb EJ, Jackson JL. Diabetes and hypertension prevalence in homeless adults in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(2):e46-60.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Del Toro J, Lloyd T, Buchanan KS, et al. The criminogenic and psychological effects of police stops on adolescent black and Latino boys. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(17):8261–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McFarland MJ, Geller A, McFarland C. Police contact and health among urban adolescents: the role of perceived injustice. Soc Sci Med. 2019;238:112487.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McFarland MJ, Taylor J, McFarland CAS, Friedman KL. Perceived unfair treatment by police, race, and telomere length: a Nashville community-based sample of black and white men. J Health Soc Behav. 2018;59(4):585–600.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J Roy Stat Soc. 1995;57:289–300.

Article  Google Scholar 

Charlton BM, Gordon AR, Reisner SL, Sarda V, Samnaliev M, Austin SB. Sexual orientation-related disparities in employment, health insurance, healthcare access and health-related quality of life: a cohort study of US male and female adolescents and young adults. BMJ Open. 2018;8(6):e020418.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tilcsik A. Pride and prejudice: employment discrimination against openly gay men in the United States. AJS. 2011;117(2):586–626.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Snyder-Mackler N, Sanz J, Kohn JN, et al. Social status alters immune regulation and response to infection in macaques. Science. 2016;354(6315):1041–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cohen F, Kemeny ME, Zegans LS, Johnson P, Kearney KA, Stites DP. Immune function declines with unemployment and recovers after stressor termination. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(3):225–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arranz L, de Vicente A, Munoz M, De la Fuente M. Impaired immune function in a homeless population with stress-related disorders. NeuroImmunoModulation. 2009;16(4):251–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang A, Balles JA, Nyland JE, Nguyen TH, White VM, Zgierska AE. The relationship between police contacts for drug use-related crime and future arrests, incarceration, and overdoses: a retrospective observational study highlighting the need to break the vicious cycle. Harm Reduct J. 2022;19(1):67.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674–97.