Gynecological malignancies are one of the leading causes of early mortality in women of all ages, whether they originate from any part of the female genital tract. Coming to demography, gynaecological malignancies account for around half of all cancers in women (45.2%). Cancer cervix accounts for 33.3% of all cancers, whereas fallopian tube cancer (0.15% of all gynaecological cancers) is the rarest of all gynaecological cancers. Gynaecological malignancies are more prevalent in rural India (76.5%). Since various tumors have variable amounts of angiogenic activity, corresponding with the development of gynaecological carcinomas, many specialists are intrigued by the possibility of blocking angiogenesis as a cancer therapy approach. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor, stimulates the development of capillary channels around the tumor and works as a highly selective mitogen on endothelial cells. Intra-tumoural angiogenesis indicators include VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and microvessel density (MVD). MVD evaluation on excised tumor sections using particular antibodies that stain endothelial cells can be used to study angiogenesis.

Our aim was to identify and quantify angiogenesis in paraffin-embedded histopathological sections of gynaecological malignancies by using an immune histochemical marker (CD105:BIOGENEX QD 400-60KE) to predict association of MVD with premalignant and malignant lesions of cervical, ovarian, and endometrial origin. The study design was observational descriptive over a sample size of 65.

The mean of MVD origin in cancer cervix, ovary, and endometrium was 66.54 ± 28.76, 55.64 ± 39.76, and 54.3 ± 20.68, respectively. The mean difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.3550). The inter-observer variability by pathologist-1 and pathologist-2 was excellent with reliable agreement (0.8717). Poorly differentiated carcinoma had a higher MVD than those more well differentiated. Consequently, angiogenesis may have a negative impact on the prognosis and survival of gynaecological cancer patients.