Research ArticleInflammationOncology Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.165356

Lisa A. Ridnour,1 Robert Y.S. Cheng,1 Noemi Kedei,2 Veena Somasundaram,1 Dibyangana D. Bhattacharyya,1 Debashree Basudhar,1 Adelaide L. Wink,3 Abigail J. Walke,3 Caleb Kim,3 William F. Heinz,3 Elijah F. Edmondson,4 Donna O. Butcher,4 Andrew C. Warner,4 Tiffany H. Dorsey,5 Milind Pore,6 Robert J. Kinders,7 Stanley Lipkowitz,8 Richard J. Bryant,9 Jens Rittscher,10 Stephen T.C. Wong,11 Stephen M. Hewitt,12 Jenny C. Chang,11 Aliaa Shalaby,13 Grace M. Callagy,13 Sharon A. Glynn,13 Stefan Ambs,5 Stephen K. Anderson,1,14 Daniel W. McVicar,1 Stephen J. Lockett,3 and David A. Wink1

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

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1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Cheng, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Kedei, N. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Somasundaram, V. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Bhattacharyya, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Basudhar, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Wink, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Walke, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Kim, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Heinz, W. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Edmondson, E. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Butcher, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Warner, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Dorsey, T. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Pore, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Kinders, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Lipkowitz, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Bryant, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

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1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

9Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

10Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

11Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

12Laboratory of Pathology CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

13Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

14Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Address correspondence to: David A. Wink, Deputy Director for Translational Sciences, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. Phone: 301.846.7182; Email: wink@mail.nih.gov.

Find articles by Wong, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

2Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

4Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

5Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and

7Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

8Women’s Malignancy Branch CCR,