Physical disabilities 1. Locomotor disability a) Leprosy-cured person i) Cured of leprosy but suffering from a severe physical deformity that hampers their potential of undertaking any gainful job.[1]
ii) Sensory loss in feet or hands, sensory loss, and paresis in eye-lid and eye without any manifest deformity.[1]
iii) Having adequate mobility of feet and hands for doing normal economic activities despite manifest deformity and paresis.[1] b) Cerebral palsy Group of non-progressive neurological condition that affects muscle coordination and body movements as a result of damage to various brain regions that occur before, during, or immediately after birth.[1] c) Dwarfism An adult with a height of 147 centimeters (4 feet and 10 inches) or below due to a genetic or medical condition.[1] d)Muscular dystrophy Hereditary genetic disease involving muscle weakness due to underlying incorrect as well as missing information in the genes that interferes with protein formation required for healthy muscles.[1] e) Acid attack victims Disfigurement resulting from violent assault due to throwing of acid or related corrosive substances.[1] 2. Visual impairment a) Blindness Any of the below conditions after the best correction – total absence of vision, or visual acuity (V/A) of <3/60 or <10/200 (Snellen) in the better eye, or limitation of visual field subtending angle of <10°.[1] b) Low vision V/A below 6/18 or <20/60 up to 3/60 or up to 10/200 (Snellen) in the better eye with best possible correction or limitation of visual field subtending angle of <40° up to 10°.[1] 3. Hearing impairment: a) Deaf Hearing loss of 70 decibels (DB) speech frequencies in both ears.[1] b)Hard of hearing Hearing loss of 60–70 DB speech frequencies in both ears.[1] 4. Speech and language disability Permanent impairment due to laryngectomy or aphasia secondary to neurological or organic etiology.[1] Intellectual and neurodevelopmental disabilities 1. ID Remarkable impairment of intellectual functioning (learning, problem-solving, reasoning) as well as adaptive behavior.[1]There are various grades of ID, such as mild, moderate, severe, and profound ID, based on various intelligence quotient ranges. 2. Specific learning disabilities Maturational developmental deficits are characterized by difficulty in acquiring specific skills in mathematics (dyscalculia), written expression (dysgraphia), or reading (dyslexia).[1,3] 3. Autism spectrum disorder Neurodevelopmental heterogeneous group of syndromes with persistent impairment of social communication, social interaction, repetitive as well as restricted behaviors, restricted interests or insistence for sameness, one-third present with ID, social-emotional reciprocity deficit, non-verbal communicative deficit, and difficulty in development, maintenance, and understanding of relationships.[1,4] Mental health-related disability Mental illness Considerable disorder of mood, thinking, orientation, perception, or memory which leads to impairment of behavior, judgment, ability to perceive reality or to fulfill regular demands of life.[1] Neurological disability Chronic neurological disorders 1. Parkinson's disease Progressive neurological disorder manifested as rigidity of the muscles or stiffness of limbs, tremors, bradykinesia, impairment of balance or posture, impairment of speech and writing ability, and diminished facial expressions.[1,5] 2. Multiple sclerosis Inflammatory disease of nervous system involving damage to myelin sheaths around axons of spinal cord and brain. It is characterized by symptoms such as spasms, stiffness and weakness of muscles, impaired mobility, tremors, pain, fatigue, visual loss, diplopia, bowel and bladder dysfunctions, tingling and numbness, psychological issues such as anxiety and depression, difficulty in swallowing and speech, impairment of planning, learning and thinking, memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and impaired concentration.[1,6] Disability-related to blood disorders 1. Thalassemia Inherited blood disorder characterized by decreased level of hemoglobin, fatigue, weakness, deformities of facial bones (chipmunk face), dark-colored urine, abdominal swelling, and pallor.[1,7] 2. Hemophilia Hereditary hemorrhagic disorder caused by factor VIII (Hemophilia A) and factor IX (Hemophilia B) protein deficiency. It is characterized by excessive bleeding following trivial or minor injuries or cuts, prolonged bleeding following surgeries or dental procedures, passing blood in feces and urine, deeper or larger bruises, pain and swelling of joints due to internal bleeding, intracranial bleeding presenting as diplopia, headache or feeling excessively sleepy and unexplained nasal bleeding.[1,8] 3. Sickle cell disease Multisystem genetic disorder characterized by acute chest syndrome, vaso-occlusive crisis, pulmonary hypertension, infections secondary to functional asplenia, pulmonary embolism, stroke, proliferative retinopathy, chronic renal failure, proteinuria, microalbuminuria, splenic sequestration resulting into severe pain in abdomen, acute fall of hemoglobin and circulatory collapse, priapism, cholelithiasis due to chronic hemodialysis and increased turnover of bilirubin, osteonecrosis of heads of bones such as humerus and femur and aplastic crisis that can lead to cardiovascular decompensation and severe anemia.[1,9]