Sacchi C, Marino C, Nosarti C, Vieno A, Visentin S, Simonelli A (2020) Association of intrauterine growth restriction and small for gestational age status with childhood cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 174:772–781

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saigal S, Doyle LW (2008) An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood. Lancet 371:261–269

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Franz AP, Bolat GU, Bolat H, Matijasevich A, Santos IS, Silveira RC, Procianoy RS, Rohde LA, Moreira-Maia CR (2018) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and very preterm/very low birth weight: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1645

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Johnson S, Hollis C, Kochhar P, Hennessy E, Wolke D, Marlow N (2010) Psychiatric disorders in extremely preterm children: longitudinal finding at age 11 years in the EPICure study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49:453-463.e451

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson S, Marlow N (2011) Preterm birth and childhood psychiatric disorders. Pediatr Res 69:11–18

Article  Google Scholar 

Lindström K, Lindblad F, Hjern A (2011) Preterm birth and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in schoolchildren. Pediatrics 127:858–865

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kerr-Wilson CO, Mackay DF, Smith GCS, Pell JP (2011) Meta-analysis of the association between preterm delivery and intelligence. J Public Health 34:209–216

Article  Google Scholar 

de Bie HM, Oostrom KJ, Delemarre-van de Waal HA (2010) Brain development, intelligence and cognitive outcome in children born small for gestational age. Horm Res Paediatr 73:6–14

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jenabi E, Bashirian S, Asali Z, Seyedi M (2021) Association between small for gestational age and risk of autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pediatr 64:538–542

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heinonen K, Räikkönen K, Pesonen AK, Andersson S, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG, Wolke D, Lano A (2010) Behavioural symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in preterm and term children born small and appropriate for gestational age: a longitudinal study. BMC Pediatr 10:91

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sucksdorff M, Lehtonen L, Chudal R, Suominen A, Joelsson P, Gissler M, Sourander A (2015) Preterm birth and poor fetal growth as risk factors of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 136:e599-608

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Persson M, Opdahl S, Risnes K, Gross R, Kajantie E, Reichenberg A, Gissler M, Sandin S (2020) Gestational age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in Sweden, Finland, and Norway: a cohort study. PLoS Med 17:e1003207

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boog G (2004) Obstetrical complications and subsequent schizophrenia in adolescent and young adult offsprings: is there a relationship? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 114:130–136

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aarnoudse-Moens CS, Weisglas-Kuperus N, van Goudoever JB, Oosterlaan J (2009) Meta-analysis of neurobehavioral outcomes in very preterm and/or very low birth weight children. Pediatrics 124:717–728

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hutcheon JA, Zhang X, Platt RW, Cnattingius S, Kramer MS (2011) The case against customised birthweight standards. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 25:11–16

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lawn JE, Ohuma EO, Bradley E, Idueta LS, Hazel E, Okwaraji YB, Erchick DJ, Yargawa J, Katz J, Lee AC (2023) Small babies, big risks: global estimates of prevalence and mortality for vulnerable newborns to accelerate change and improve counting. Lancet 401:1707–1719

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang T, Sidorchuk A, Sevilla-Cermeño L, Vilaplana-Pérez A, Chang Z, Larsson H, Mataix-Cols D, de la Cruz LF (2019) Association of cesarean delivery with risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in the offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2:e1910236–e1910236

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Strang JF, Kenworthy L, Dominska A, Sokoloff J, Kenealy LE, Berl M, Walsh K, Menvielle E, Slesaransky-Poe G, Kim K-E (2014) Increased gender variance in autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Sex Behav 43:1525–1533

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Lieshout RJ, Boyle MH (2011) Is bigger better? Macrosomia and psychopathology later in life. Obes Rev 12:e405–e411

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Lieshout RJ, Savoy CD, Ferro MA, Krzeczkowski JE, Colman I (2020) Macrosomia and psychiatric risk in adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29:1537–1545

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Strang JF, Kenworthy L, Dominska A, Sokoloff J, Kenealy LE, Berl M, Walsh K, Menvielle E, Slesaransky-Poe G, Kim K-E, Luong-Tran C, Meagher H, Wallace GL (2014) Increased gender variance in autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Sex Behav 43:1525–1533

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Davies W (2014) Sex differences in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: candidate genetic and endocrine mechanisms. Front Neuroendocrinol 35:331–346

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Allen L, Leon-Attia O, Shaham M, Shefer S, Gabis LV (2020) Autism risk linked to prematurity is more accentuated in girls. PLoS ONE 15:e0236994

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bröring T, Oostrom KJ, van Dijk-Lokkart EM, Lafeber HN, Brugman A, Oosterlaan J (2018) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder symptoms in school-age children born very preterm. Res Dev Disabil 74:103–112

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Vohr BR, Kenneth Poole W, Higgins RD (2006) Gender differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely preterm, extremely-low-birthweight infants. Acta Paediatr 95:1239–1248

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leppert B, Havdahl A, Riglin L, Jones HJ, Zheng J, Davey Smith G, Tilling K, Thapar A, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Stergiakouli E (2019) Association of maternal neurodevelopmental risk alleles with early-life exposures. JAMA Psychiat 76:834–842

Article  Google Scholar 

Havdahl A, Wootton RE, Leppert B, Riglin L, Ask H, Tesli M, Bugge Askeland R, Hannigan LJ, Corfield E, Øyen A-S, Andreassen OA, Tilling K, Davey Smith G, Thapar A, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Stergiakouli E (2022) Associations between pregnancy-related predisposing factors for offspring neurodevelopmental conditions and parental genetic liability to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and schizophrenia: the Norwegian mother, father and child cohort study (MoBa). JAMA Psychiat 79:799–810

Article  Google Scholar 

Skoglund C, Chen Q, D’Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H (2014) Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD in offspring. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 55:61–68

Article  Google Scholar 

Sankilampi U, Hannila ML, Saari A, Gissler M, Dunkel L (2013) New population-based references for birth weight, length, and head circumference in singletons and twins from 23 to 43 gestation weeks. Ann Med 45:446–454

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clayton PE, Cianfarani S, Czernichow P, Johannsson G, Rapaport R, Rogol A (2007) Management of the child born small for gestational age through to adulthood: a consensus statement of the international societies of pediatric endocrinology and the growth hormone research society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:804–810

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lampi KM, Sourander A, Gissler M, Niemelä S, Rehnström K, Pulkkinen E, Peltonen L, Von Wendt L (2010) Brief report: validity of Finnish registry-based diagnoses of autism with the ADI-R. Acta Paediatr 99:1425–1428

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nosarti C, Reichenberg A, Murray RM, Cnattingius S, Lambe MP, Yin L, MacCabe J, Rifkin L, Hultman CM (2012) Preterm birth and psychiatric disorders in young adult life. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69:610–617

Article  Google Scholar 

Lindström K, Lindblad F, Hjern A (2009) Psychiatric morbidity in adolescents and young adults born preterm: a Swedish national cohort study. Pediatrics 123:e47–e53

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pettersson E, Larsson H, D’Onofrio B, Almqvist C, Lichtenstein P (2019) Association of fetal growth with general and specific mental health conditions. JAMA Psychiat 76:536–543