1. Wordl Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2022.
2. Iseman MD. Tuberculosis therapy: past, present and future. Eur Respir J Suppl 2002;36:87s–94s.
3. Snider GL. Tuberculosis then and now: a personal perspective on the last 50 years. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:237–243.
4. van Kampen SC, Wanner A, Edwards M, et al. International research and guidelines on post-tuberculosis chronic lung disorders: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Glob Health 2018;3:e000745.
5. Allwood B, van der Zalm M, Makanda G, Mortimer K, Steering Committee of the First International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium. The long shadow post-tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2019;19:1170–1171.
6. Allwood BW, van der Zalm MM, Amaral AFS, et al. Post-tuberculosis lung health: perspectives from the First International Symposium. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020;24:820–828.
7. Romanowski K, Baumann B, Basham CA, Ahmad Khan F, Fox GJ, Johnston JC. Long-term all-cause mortality in people treated for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2019;19:1129–1137.
8. Nightingale R, Carlin F, Meghji J, et al. Post-TB health and wellbeing. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023;27:248–283.
9. Lambert ML, Hasker E, Van Deun A, Roberfroid D, Boelaert M, Van der Stuyft P. Recurrence in tuberculosis: relapse or reinfection? Lancet Infect Dis 2003;3:282–287.
10. Ravimohan S, Kornfeld H, Weissman D, Bisson GP. Tuberculosis and lung damage: from epidemiology to pathophysiology. Eur Respir Rev 2018;27:170077.
11. Choi H, Chalmers JD. Bronchiectasis exacerbation: a narrative review of causes, risk factors, management and prevention. Ann Transl Med 2023;11:25.
12. Mondoni M, Repossi A, Carlucci P, Centanni S, Sotgiu G. Bronchoscopic techniques in the management of patients with tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2017;64:27–37.
13. Kosmidis C, Denning DW. The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis. Thorax 2015;70:270–277.
14. Kathuria H, Hollingsworth HM, Vilvendhan R, Reardon C. Management of life-threatening hemoptysis. J Intensive Care 2020;8:23.
15. Allwood BW, Byrne A, Meghji J, Rachow A, van der Zalm MM, Schoch OD. Post-tuberculosis lung disease: clinical review of an under-recognised global challenge. Respiration 2021;100:751–763.
16. Amaral AF, Coton S, Kato B, et al. Tuberculosis associates with both airflow obstruction and low lung function: BOLD results. Eur Respir J 2015;46:1104–1112.
17. de Martino M, Lodi L, Galli L, Chiappini E. Immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis: a narrative review. Front Pediatr 2019;7:350.
18. Ulrichs T, Kaufmann SH. New insights into the function of granulomas in human tuberculosis. J Pathol 2006;208:261–269.
19. Moreira AL, Tsenova L, Aman MH, et al. Mycobacterial antigens exacerbate disease manifestations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice. Infect Immun 2002;70:2100–2107.
20. Fiorenza G, Rateni L, Farroni MA, Bogué C, Dlugovitzky DG. TNF-alpha, TGF-beta and NO relationship in sera from tuberculosis (TB) patients of different severity. Immunol Lett 2005;98:45–48.
21. Elkington P, Shiomi T, Breen R, et al. MMP-1 drives immunopathology in human tuberculosis and transgenic mice. J Clin Invest 2011;121:1827–1833.
22. Shanmugasundaram K, Talwar A, Madan K, Bade G. Pulmonary functions and inflammatory biomarkers in post-pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2022;85:175–184.
23. Menzies NA, Quaife M, Allwood BW, et al. Lifetime burden of disease due to incident tuberculosis: a global reappraisal including post-tuberculosis sequelae. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9:e1679–e1687.
24. Miller TL, Wilson FA, Pang JW, et al. Mortality hazard and survival after tuberculosis treatment. Am J Public Health 2015;105:930–937.
25. Choi H, Han K, Jung JH, et al. Long-term mortality of tuberculosis survivors in Korea: a population-based longitudinal study. Clin Infect Dis 2023;76:e973–e981.
26. Long R, Maycher B, Dhar A, Manfreda J, Hershfield E, Anthonisen N. Pulmonary tuberculosis treated with directly observed therapy: serial changes in lung structure and function. Chest 1998;113:933–943.
27. Hunter RL. Pathology of post primary tuberculosis of the lung: an illustrated critical review. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011;91:497–509.
28. Lee JH, Park SS, Lee DH, Shin DH, Yang SC, Yoo BM. Endobronchial tuberculosis. Clinical and bronchoscopic features in 121 cases. Chest 1992;102:990–994.
29. Ip MS, So SY, Lam WK, Mok CK. Endobronchial tuberculosis revisited. Chest 1986;89:727–730.
30. Shim YS. Endobronchial tuberculosis. Respirology 1996;1:95–106.
31. Hoheisel G, Chan BK, Chan CH, Chan KS, Teschler H, Costabel U. Endobronchial tuberculosis: diagnostic features and therapeutic outcome. Respir Med 1994;88:593–597.
32. Chung HS, Lee JH. Bronchoscopic assessment of the evolution of endobronchial tuberculosis. Chest 2000;117:385–392.
33. Han SW, Lee DH, Park SS, Lee JH. Clinical study of endobronchial tuberculosis. Tuberc Respir Dis 1984;31:57–61.
34. Park IW, Choi BW, Hue SH. Prospective study of corticosteroid as an adjunct in the treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis in adults. Respirology 1997;2:275–281.
35. Bilton D. Update on non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2008;14:595–599.
36. Buscot M, Pottier H, Marquette CH, Leroy S. Phenotyping adults with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a 10-year cohort study in a French regional university hospital center. Respiration 2016;92:1–8.
37. Aksamit TR, O’Donnell AE, Barker A, et al.; Bronchiectasis Research Registry Consortium. Adult patients with bronchiectasis: a first look at the US Bronchiectasis Research Registry. Chest 2017;151:982–992.
38. Yang B, Jang HJ, Chung SJ, et al. Factors associated with bronchiectasis in Korea: a national database study. Ann Transl Med 2020;8:1350.
39. Lee H, Choi H, Chalmers JD, et al. Characteristics of bronchiectasis in Korea: First data from the Korean Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration registry and comparison with other international registries. Respirology 2021;26:619–621.
40. Ko JM, Kim KJ, Park SH, Park HJ. Bronchiectasis in active tuberculosis. Acta Radiol 2013;54:412–417.
41. Seo H, Cha SI, Park J, et al. Hemoptysis as the presenting manifestation of bronchiectasis-associated hospitalization in Korea. J Thorac Dis 2023;15:3636–3645.
42. Fong I, Low TB, Yii A. Characterisation of the post-tuberculous phenotype of bronchiectasis: a real-world observational study. Chron Respir Dis 2022;19:14799731221098714.
43. Kosar M, Kurt A, Keskin S, Keskin Z, Arslan H. Evaluation of effects of bronchiectasis on bronchial artery diameter with multidetector computed tomography. Acta Radiol 2014;55:171–178.
44. Marquis KM, Raptis CA, Rajput MZ, et al. CT for evaluation of hemoptysis. Radiographics 2021;41:742–761.
45. Gai X, Allwood B, Sun Y. Post-tuberculosis lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023;136:1923–1928.
46. Guler R, Ozturk M, Sabeel S, et al. Targeting molecular inflammatory pathways in granuloma as host-directed therapies for tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021;12:733853.
47. Lin PL, Rodgers M, Smith L, et al. Quantitative comparison of active and latent tuberculosis in the cynomolgus macaque model. Infect Immun 2009;77:4631–4642.
48. Lin PL, Ford CB, Coleman MT, et al. Sterilization of granulomas is common in active and latent tuberculosis despite within-host variability in bacterial killing. Nat Med 2014;20:75–79.
49. DiFazio RM, Mattila JT, Klein EC, et al. Active transforming growth factor-β is associated with phenotypic changes in granulomas after drug treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2016;9:6.
50. Warsinske HC, DiFazio RM, Linderman JJ, Flynn JL, Kirschner DE. Identifying mechanisms driving formation of granuloma-associated fibrosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Theor Biol 2017;429:1–17.
51. Im JG, Itoh H, Shim YS, et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis: CT findings--early active disease and sequential change with antituberculous therapy. Radiology 1993;186:653–660.
52. Dannenberg AM. Pathogenesis of human pulmonary tuberculosis: insights from the rabbit model. Washington: ASM press, 2006.
53. Urbanowski ME, Ordonez AA, Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Jain SK, Bishai WR. Cavitary tuberculosis: the gateway of disease transmission. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:e117–e128.
54. Canetti G. Present aspects of bacterial resistance in tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1965;92:687–703.
55. Benator D, Bhattacharya M, Bozeman L, et al.; Tuberculosis Trials Consortium. Rifapentine and isoniazid once a week versus rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week for treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients: a randomised clinical trial. Lancet 2002;360:528–534.
56. Dartois V. The path of anti-tuberculosis drugs: from blood to lesions to mycobacterial cells. Nat Rev Microbiol 2014;12:159–167.
57. Moreno-Gamez S, Hill AL, Rosenbloom DI, Petrov DA, Nowak MA, Pennings PS. Imperfect drug penetration leads to spatial monotherapy and rapid evolution of multidrug resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015;112:E2874–E2883.
58. Segal BH. Aspergillosis. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1870–1884.
59. Denning DW, Cadranel J, Beigelman-Aubry C, et al.; European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and European Respiratory Society. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: rationale and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management. Eur Respir J 2016;47:45–68.
60. Denning DW, Follansbee SE, Scolaro M, Norris S, Edelstein H, Stevens DA. Pulmonary aspergillosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1991;324:654–662.
61. Kim SY, Lee KS, Han J, et al. Semiinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis: CT and pathologic findings in six patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;174:795–798.
62. Yoo SS, Kwon JS, Kang YR, et al. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of short-term treatment in patients with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;64:341–346.
63. Chan-Yeung M, Noertjojo K, Chan SL, Tam CM. Sex differences in tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002;6:11–18.
64. Johnson JL, Okwera A, Nsubuga P, et al. Efficacy of an unsupervised 8-month rifampicin-containing regimen for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults. Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000;4:1032–1040.
65. Mallory KF, Churchyard GJ, Kleinschmidt I, De Cock KM, Corbett EL. The impact of HIV infection on recurrence of tuberculosis in South African gold miners. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000;4:455–462.
66. Mitchison DA, Nunn AJ. Influence of initial drug resistance on the response to short-course chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:423–430.
67. Segarra F, Sherman DS. Relapses in pulmonary tuberculosis. Dis Chest 1967;51:59–63.
68. Thomas A, Gopi PG, Santha T, et al. Predictors of relapse among pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated in a DOTS programme in South India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005;9:556–561.
69. Nunn AJ, Phillips PP, Mitchison DA. Timing of relapse in short-course chemotherapy trials for tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010;14:241–242.
70. Watanabe Y, Murakami S, Oda M, et al. Treatment of bronchial stricture due to endobronchial tuberculosis. World J Surg 1997;21:480–487.
71. Iwamoto Y, Miyazawa T, Kurimoto N, et al. Interventional bronchoscopy in the management of airway stenosis due to tracheobronchial tuberculosis. Chest 2004;126:1344–1352.
72. Lim SY, Park HK, Jeon K, et al. Factors predicting outcome following airway stenting for post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis. Respirology 2011;16:959–964.
73. Cohen MD, Weber TR, Rao CC. Balloon dilatation of tracheal and bronchial stenosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984;142:477–478.
74. Kim H. Rigid bronchoscopy for post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2023;86:245–250.
75. Chung FT, Chen HC, Chou CL, et al. An outcome analysis of self-expandable metallic stents in central airway obstruction: a cohort study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;6:46.
76. Dumon JF, Cavaliere S, Diaz-Jimenez JP, et al. Seven-year experience with the dumon prosthesis. J Bronchol 1996;3:6–10.
77. Lee KW, Im JG, Han JK, Kim TK, Park JH, Yeon KM. Tuberculous stenosis of the left main bronchus: results of treatment with balloons and metallic stents. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1999;10:352–358.
78. Low SY, Hsu A, Eng P. Interventional bronchoscopy for tuberculous tracheobronchial stenosis. Eur Respir J 2004;24:345–347.
79. Ryu YJ, Kim H, Yu CM, Choi JC, Kwon YS, Kwon OJ. Use of silicone stents for the management of post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis. Eur Respir J 2006;28:1029–1035.
80. Verma A, Park HY, Lim SY, et al. Posttuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis: use of CT to optimize the time of silicone stent removal. Radiology 2012;263:562–568.
81. Yoon W, Kim JK, Kim YH, Chung TW, Kang HK. Bronchial and nonbronchial systemic artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis: a comprehensive review. Radiographics 2002;22:1395–1409.
82. Ittrich H, Bockhorn M, Klose H, Simon M. The diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017;114:371–381.
83. Walker CM, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Martínez-Jiménez S, Kunin JR, Wible BC. Bronchial arteries: anatomy, function, hypertrophy, and anomalies. Radiographics 2015;35:32–49.
84. Prutsky G, Domecq JP, Salazar CA, Accinelli R. Antifibrinolytic therapy to reduce haemoptysis from any cause. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;11:CD008711.
85. Bellam BL, Dhibar DP, Suri V, et al. Efficacy of tranexamic acid in haemoptysis: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016;40:80–83.
86. Wand O, Guber E, Guber A, Epstein Shochet G, Israeli-Shani L, Shitrit D. Inhaled tranexamic acid for hemoptysis treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Chest 2018;154:1379–1384.
87. Vaidya S, Tozer KR, Chen J. An overview of embolic agents. Semin Intervent Radiol 2008;25:204–215.
88. Ittrich H, Klose H, Adam G. Radiologic management of haemoptysis: diagnostic and interventional bronchial arterial embolisation. Rofo 2015;187:248–259.
89. Chalmers JD, Goeminne P, Aliberti S, et al. The bronchiectasis severity index. An international derivation and validation study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;189:576–585.
90. Martínez-García MÁ, de Gracia J, Vendrell Relat M, et al. Multidimensional approach to non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: the FACED score. Eur Respir J 2014;43:1357–1367.
91. Choi H, Lee H, Ra SW, et al. Developing a diagnostic bundle for bronchiectasis in South Korea: a modified delphi consensus study. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2022;85:56–66.
92. Araújo D, Shteinberg M, Aliberti S, et al. The independent contribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection to long-term clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J 2018;51:1701953.
93. Dicker AJ, Lonergan M, Keir HR, et al. The sputum microbiome and clinical outcomes in patients with bronchiectasis: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2021;9:885–896.
94. Murray MP, Turnbull K, Macquarrie S, Hill AT. Assessing response to treatment of exacerbations of bronchiectasis in adults. Eur Respir J 2009;33:312–318.
95. Bedi P, Cartlidge MK, Zhang Y, et al. Feasibility of shortening intravenous antibiotic therapy for bronchiectasis based on bacterial load: a proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2021;58:2004388.
96. Choi JY. Exacerbation prevention and management of bronchiectasis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2023;86:183–195.
97. Kempker RR, Vashakidze S, Solomonia N, Dzidzikashvili N, Blumberg HM. Surgical treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2012;12:157–166.
98. World Health Oranization. WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2019.
99. Cadranel J, Philippe B, Hennequin C, et al. Voriconazole for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a prospective multicenter trial. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012;31:3231–3239.
100. Judson MA, Stevens DA. The treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2001;2:1375–1377.
101. Camuset J, Nunes H, Dombret MC, et al. Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis by voriconazole in nonimmunocompromised patients. Chest 2007;131:1435–1441.
102. De Beule K, De Doncker P, Cauwenbergh G, et al. The treatment of aspergillosis and aspergilloma with itraconazole, clinical results of an open international study (1982–1987). Mycoses 1988;31:476–485.
103. Dupont B. Itraconazole therapy in aspergillosis: study in 49 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23(3 Pt 2):607–61
留言 (0)