1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Styker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan

2Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico

3Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY

4Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY

5Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico

aEmail for corresponding author: [email protected]

Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (https://links.lww.com/JBJS/H961).