Daniell, J. R., & Osti, O. L. (2018). Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Review Article. Asian Spine Journal, 2018(12), 372–379.

Article  Google Scholar 

Khosravi, M. B., Azemati, S., & Sahmeddini, M. A. (2014). (2014) Gabapentin versus naproxen in the management of failed back surgery syndrome; a randomized controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica, 65, 31–37.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Canos, A., Cort, L., Fernández, Y., Rovira, V., Pallarés, J., Barberá, M., & Morales Suárez-Varela, M. (2016). Preventive analgesia with pregabalin in neuropathic pain from “failed back surgery syndrome”: Assessment of sleep quality and disability. Pain Medicine, 2016(17), 344–352.

Google Scholar 

Desai, M. J., Nava, A., Rigoard, P., Shah, B., & Taylor, R. S. (2015). Optimal medical, rehabilitation and behavioral management in the setting of failed back surgery syndrome. Neuro-Chirurgie, 2015(61), 66–76.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cramer, H., Haller, H., Lauche, R., & Dobos, G. (2012). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for low back pain. A systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Med, 12, 162.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cho, Y.-H., Kim, C. K., & Heo, K. H. (2015). Acupuncture for acute postoperative pain after back surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain Practice, 2015(15), 279–291.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rochkind, S., Nissan, M., Razon, N., Schwartz, M., & Bartal, A. (1986). Electrophysiological effect of HeNe laser on normal and injured sciatic nerve in the rat. Acta Neurochirurgica, 1986(83), 125–130.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vallone, F., Benedicenti, S., Sorrenti, E., Schiavetti, I., & Angiero, F. (2014). Effect of diode laser in the treatment of patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2014(32), 490–494.

Article  Google Scholar 

Glazov, G., Yelland, M., & Emery, J. (2016). Low-level laser therapy for chronic non-specific low back pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acupuncture in Medicine, 2016(34), 328–341.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rosso, M. P. O., Buchaim, D. V., Kawano, N., Furlanette, G., Pomini, K. T., & Buchaim, R. L. (2018). Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in peripheral nerve regeneration: A systematic review. Bioengineering, 2018(5), 44.

Article  Google Scholar 

Andreo, L., Ribeiro, B., Alves, A., Martinelli, A., Soldera, C., Horliana, A., et al. (2020). Effects of photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy on muscle repair following a peripheral nerve injury in Wistar rats. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2020(96), 1124–1132.

Article  Google Scholar 

Masoumipoor, M., Jameie, S., Janzadeh, A., Nasirinezhad, F., Soleimani, M., & Kerdary, M. (2014). Effects of 660-and 980-nm low-level laser therapy on neuropathic pain relief following chronic constriction injury in rat sciatic nerve. Lasers in Medical Science, 2014(29), 1593–1598.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lazaridou, A., Elbaridi, N., Edwards, R.R., & Berde, B.C. Essentials of Pain Medicine (Fourth Edition), Chapter 5- Pain Assessment. Elsevier, (2018), 39–46.

Fairbank, J. C., & Pynsent, P. B. (2000). The Oswestry Disability Index. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 25, 2940–2952.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yoshihara, H. (2012). Sacroiliac joint pain after lumbar/lumbosacral fusion: Current knowledge. European Spine Journal, 2012(21), 1788–1796.

Article  Google Scholar 

Unoki, E., Abe, E., Murai, H., Kobayashi, T., & Abe, T. (2016). Fusion of multiple segments can increase the incidence of sacroiliac joint pain after lumbar or lumbosacral fusion. Spine (phila pa), 41, 999–1005.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kuniya, H., Aota, Y., Kawai, T., Kaneko, K., Konno, T., & Saito, T. (2014). Prospective study of superior cluneal nerve disorder as a potential cause of low back pain and leg symptoms. Journal of Orthpaedic Surgery and Research, 2014(9), 139.

Article  Google Scholar 

Iwamoto, N., Isu, T., Kim, K., Chiba, Y., Morimoto, D., Matsumoto, J., & Isobe, M. (2017). Treatment of low back pain elicited by superior cluneal nerve entrapment neuropathy after lumbar fusion surgery. Spine Surgery and Related Research, 2017(1), 152–157.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rigoard, P., Blond, S., David, R., & Mertens, P. (2015). Pathophysiological characterisation of back pain generators in failed back surgery syndrome (part B). Neuro-Chirurgie, 2015(61), 35–44.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lassiter, W., & Allam, A. E. Inflammatory back pain. StatePearls, 2022, USA.

Ash, C., Dubec, M., Donne, K., & Bashford, T. (2017). Effect of wavelength and beam width on penetration in light-tissue interaction using computational methods. Lasers in Medical Science, 2017(32), 1909–1918.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang, Y. Y., Sharma, S. K., Carroll, J., & Hamblin, M. R. (2011). Biphasic Dose Response in Low Level Light Therapy- An Update. Dose Response, 2011(9), 602–618.

Google Scholar 

Hsieh, Y. L., Hong, C. Z., Chou, L. W., Yang, S. A., & Yang, C. C. (2015). Fluence dependent effects of low-level laser therapy in myofascial trigger spots on modulation of biochemicals associated with pain in a rabbit model. Lasers in Medical Science, 2015(30), 209–216.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chang, S.-Y., Lee, M. Y., Chung, P.-S., Kim, S., Choi, B., Suh, M.-W., et al. (2019). (2019) Enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis by photobiomodulation increases viability of the auditory cell line after gentamicin-induced intrinsic apoptosis. Scientific Reports, 9, 1–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Janzadeh, A., Nasirinezhad, F., Masoumipoor, M., & Jameie, S. B. (2016). Photobiomodulation therapy reduces apoptotic factors and increases glutathione levels in a neuropathic pain model. Lasers in Medical Science, 2016(31), 1863–1869.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang, Y. Y., Nagata, K., Tedford, C. E., McCarthy, T., & Hamblin, M. R. (2013). Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) reduces oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons in vitro. Journal of Biophotonics, 2013(6), 829–838.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pires, D., Xavier, M., Araujo, T., Silva, J. A., Aimbire, F., & Albertini, R. (2011). Low-level laser therapy (LLLT; 780 nm) acts differently on mRNA expression of anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators in an experimental model of collagenase-induced tendinitis in rat. Lasers in Medical Science, 2011(26), 85–94.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wu, J. Y., Chen, C. H., Wang, C. Z., Ho, M. L., Yeh, M. L., & Wang, Y. H. (2013). Low-power laser irradiation suppresses inflammatory response of human adipose-derived stem cells by modulating intracellular cyclic AMP level and NF-kappaB activity. PLoS ONE, 2013(8), e54067.

Article  Google Scholar 

Akkurt, E., Kucuksen, S., Yılmaz, H., Parlak, S., Sallı, A., & Karaca, G. (2016). Long term effects of high intensity laser therapy in lateral epicondylitis patients. Lasers in Medical Science, 2016(31), 249–253.

Article  Google Scholar