McCluggage, W. G., Singh, N. & Gilks, C. B. Key changes to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of female genital tumours introduced in the 5th edition (2020). Histopathology 80, 762–778 (2022).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shih, I. M., Wang, Y. & Wang, T. L. The origin of ovarian cancer species and precancerous landscape. Am. J. Pathol. 191, 26–39 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cheasley, D. et al. The molecular origin and taxonomy of mucinous ovarian carcinoma. Nat. Commun. 10, 3935 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sung, H. et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 71, 209–249 (2021).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Webb, P. M., Green, A. C. & Jordan, S. J. Trends in hormone use and ovarian cancer incidence in US white and Australian women: implications for the future. Cancer Causes Control. 28, 365–370 (2017).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cabasag, C. J. et al. The influence of birth cohort and calendar period on global trends in ovarian cancer incidence. Int. J. Cancer 146, 749–758 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ervik, M., Lam, F., Laversanne, M., Ferlay, J. & Bray, F. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Over Time https://gco.iarc.fr/overtime (2021).

GBD 2019 Cancer Risk Factors Collaborators. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 400, 563–591 (2022).

Article  Google Scholar 

Long Roche, K. C., Abu-Rustum, N. R., Nourmoussavi, M. & Zivanovic, O. Risk-reducing salpingectomy: let us be opportunistic. Cancer 123, 1714–1720 (2017).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nitschke, A. S., do Valle, H. A., Dawson, L., Kwon, J. S. & Hanley, G. E. Long-term non-cancer risks in people with BRCA mutations following risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and the role of hormone replacement therapy: a review. Cancers 15, 711 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yoon, S. H., Kim, S. N., Shim, S. H., Kang, S. B. & Lee, S. J. Bilateral salpingectomy can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in the general population: a meta-analysis. Eur. J. Cancer 55, 38–46 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen, Y., Du, H., Bao, L. & Liu, W. Opportunistic salpingectomy at benign gynecological surgery for reducing ovarian cancer risk: a 10-year single centre experience from China and a literature review. J. Cancer 9, 141–147 (2018).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hanley, G. E. et al. Outcomes from opportunistic salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention. JAMA Netw. Open 5, e2147343 (2022).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Darelius, A., Kristjansdottir, B., Dahm-Kahler, P. & Strandell, A. Risk of epithelial ovarian cancer type I and II after hysterectomy, salpingectomy and tubal ligation — a nationwide case-control study. Int. J. Cancer 149, 1544–1552 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duus, A. H., Zheng, G., Baandrup, L., Faber, M. T. & Kjaer, S. K. Risk of ovarian cancer after salpingectomy and tubal ligation: prospects on histology and time since the procedure. Gynecol. Oncol. 177, 125–131 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leblanc, E. et al. Prophylactic radical fimbriectomy with delayed oophorectomy in women with a high risk of developing an ovarian carcinoma: results of a prospective national pilot study. Cancers 15, 1141 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Webb, P. M. & Jordan, S. J. Epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 41, 3–14 (2017).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peres, L. C. et al. Racial/ethnic differences in the epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of 12 case-control studies. Int. J. Epidemiol. 47, 460–472 (2018).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jervis, S. et al. Ovarian cancer familial relative risks by tumour subtypes and by known ovarian cancer genetic susceptibility variants. J. Med. Genet. 51, 108–113 (2014).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Flaum, N., Crosbie, E. J., Edmondson, R. J., Smith, M. J. & Evans, D. G. Epithelial ovarian cancer risk: a review of the current genetic landscape. Clin. Genet. 97, 54–63 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Norquist, B. M. et al. Inherited mutations in women with ovarian carcinoma. JAMA Oncol. 2, 482–490 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Phelan, C. M. et al. Identification of 12 new susceptibility loci for different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. Nat. Genet. 49, 680–691 (2017).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Setiawan, V. W. et al. Type I and II endometrial cancers: have they different risk factors? J. Clin. Oncol. 31, 2607–2618 (2013).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gong, T. T., Wu, Q. J., Vogtmann, E., Lin, B. & Wang, Y. L. Age at menarche and risk of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Int. J. Cancer 132, 2894–2900 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wentzensen, N. et al. Ovarian cancer risk factors by histologic subtype: an analysis from the ovarian cancer cohort consortium. J. Clin. Oncol. 34, 2888–2898 (2016).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yarmolinsky, J. et al. Appraising the role of previously reported risk factors in epithelial ovarian cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS Med. 16, e1002893 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang, H. et al. Age at menarche and epithelial ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study. Cancer Med. 8, 4012–4022 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fu, Z. et al. Lifetime ovulatory years and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: a multinational pooled analysis. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 115, 539–551 (2023).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Husby, A., Wohlfahrt, J. & Melbye, M. Pregnancy duration and ovarian cancer risk: a 50-year nationwide cohort study. Int. J. Cancer 151, 1717–1725 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu, Y., Sun, W., Xin, X., Wang, W. & Zhang, D. Age at last birth and risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Biosci. Rep. 39, BSR20182035 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee, A. W. et al. Expanding our understanding of ovarian cancer risk: the role of incomplete pregnancies. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 113, 301–308 (2021).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: A Global Perspective (World Cancer Research Fund International, 2018).

Gaitskell, K. et al. Histological subtypes of ovarian cancer associated with parity and breastfeeding in the prospective Million Women Study. Int. J. Cancer 142, 281–289 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Babic, A. et al. Association between breastfeeding and ovarian cancer risk. JAMA Oncol. 6, e200421 (2020).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kotsopoulos, J. et al. Breastfeeding and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Gynecol. Oncol. 159, 820–826 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barcroft, J. F. et al. Fertility treatment and cancers-the eternal conundrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum. Reprod. 36, 1093–1107 (2021).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lerner-Geva, L. et al. Subfertility, use of fertility treatments and BRCA mutation status and the risk of ovarian cancer. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 306, 209–217 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dixon-Suen, S. C. et al. The association between hysterectomy and ovarian cancer risk: a population-based record-linkage study. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 111, 1097–1103 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khoja, L. et al. Endometriosis and menopausal hormone therapy impact the hysterectomy-ovarian cancer association. Gynecol. Oncol. 164, 195–201 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed