Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan NA, Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D et al (2020) International society of hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines. Hypertension 75:1334–1357

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China (2021) an updated summary. Biomed Environ Sci: BES 2022(35):573–603

Google Scholar 

Heinzer R, Vat S, Marques-Vidal P, Marti-Soler H, Andries D, Tobback N et al (2015) Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study. Lancet Respir Med 3:310–318

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Benjafield AV, Ayas NT, Eastwood PR, Heinzer R, Ip MSM, Morrell MJ et al (2019) Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Lancet Respir Med 7:687–698

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK, Shahar E, Samet JM, Redline S et al (2000) Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study Jama 283:1829–1836

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lu D, Xu S, Dai P, Wu L, Zhang H, Zhou B (2022) Gut microbiota in hypertensive patients with versus without obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 24:1598–1605

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kario K (2009) Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hypertension: mechanism of the linkage and 24-h blood pressure control. Hypertens Res: off J Japanese Soc Hypertension 32:537–541

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Myslinski W, Rekas-Wojcik A, Dybala A, Zakrzewski M, Barud W, Prystupa A et al (2021) Clinical characteristics of hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome developing different types of left ventricular geometry. Biomed Res Int 2021:6631500

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Salman LA, Shulman R, Cohen JB (2020) Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Curr Cardiol Rep 22:6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peracaula M, Torres D, Poyatos P, Luque N, Rojas E, Obrador A et al (2022) Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnea: a review article. Life 12:537. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040537

Theofilis P, Kalaitzidis RG (2022) Hypertension is the crucial link between obstructive sleep apnea and arterial stiffness. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 24:398–400

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gonzaga C, Bertolami A, Bertolami M, Amodeo C, Calhoun D (2015) Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. J Hum Hypertens 29:705–712

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cuspidi C, Tadic M, Grassi G (2021) Blood pressure variability: a new therapeutic target on the horizon. J Hypertens 39:1771–1773

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mancusi C, Trimarco V, Losi MA, Canciello G, Morisco C, Manzi MV et al (2021) Impact of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability on hypertensive-mediated target organ damage and future cardiovascular events: the Campania salute network. J Hypertens 39:1852–1858

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Havenon A, Delic A, Yaghi S, Wong KH, Majersik JJ, Stulberg E et al (2021) Midlife blood pressure variability and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events during extended follow-up. Am J Hypertens 34:1269–1275

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang QF, Yang WY, Asayama K, Zhang ZY, Thijs L, Li Y et al (2021) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to diagnose and manage hypertension. Hypertension 77:254–264

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Staessen JA, Li Y, Hara A, Asayama K, Dolan E, O’Brien E (2017) Blood pressure measurement anno 2016. Am J Hypertens 30:453–463

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joint Committee for Guideline Revision (2019) 2018 Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension-a report of the revision committee of Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension. J Geriatr Cardiol: JGC 16:182–241

Kapur VK, Auckley DH, Chowdhuri S, Kuhlmann DC, Mehra R, Ramar K et al (2017) Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med: JCSM: off public Am Acad Sleep Med 13:479–504

Google Scholar 

Javaheri S, Barbe F, Campos-Rodriguez F, Dempsey JA, Khayat R, Javaheri S et al (2017) Sleep apnea: types, mechanisms, and clinical cardiovascular consequences. J Am Coll Cardiol 69:841–858

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chiu HY, Chou KT, Su KC, Lin FC, Liu YY, Shiao TH et al (2022) Obstructive sleep apnea in young Asian adults with sleep-related complaints. Sci Rep 12:20582

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Drager LF, McEvoy RD, Barbe F, Lorenzi-Filho G, Redline S (2017) Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: lessons from recent trials and need for team science. Circulation 136:1840–1850

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yeghiazarians Y, Jneid H, Tietjens JR, Redline S, Brown DL, El-Sherif N et al (2021) Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the american heart association. Circulation 144:e56–e67

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mitra AK, Bhuiyan AR, Jones EA (2021) Association and risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review. Diseases 9:88. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases9040088

Borsini E, Blanco M, Bosio M, Schrappe M, Ernst G, Nosetto D, et al (2018) Prevalence of sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypertension in a day hospital model. Clin Exp Hypertens (New York NY: 1993) 40:231–7

Pal A, Martinez F, Aguila AP, Akey MA, Chatterjee R, Conserman MGE et al (2021) Beat-to-beat blood pressure variability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med: JCSM: off public Am Acad Sleep Med 17:381–392

Google Scholar 

Bisogni V, Pengo MF, Maiolino G, Rossi GP (2016) The sympathetic nervous system and catecholamines metabolism in obstructive sleep apnoea. J Thorac Dis 8:243–254

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kansui Y, Matsumura K, Morinaga Y, Inoue M, Sakata S, Oishi E et al (2018) Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on long-term blood pressure variability in Japanese men: a cross-sectional study of a work-site population. Hypertens Res: off J Japanese Soc Hypertension 41:957–964

Article  Google Scholar 

Rothwell PM, Howard SC, Dolan E, O’Brien E, Dobson JE, Dahlöf B et al (2010) Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension. Lancet (London, England) 375:895–905

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gosmanova EO, Mikkelsen MK, Molnar MZ, Lu JL, Yessayan LT, Kalantar-Zadeh K et al (2016) Association of systolic blood pressure variability with mortality, coronary heart disease, stroke, and renal disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 68:1375–1386

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sumida K, Molnar MZ, Potukuchi PK, Thomas F, Lu JL, Yamagata K et al (2017) Pre-end-stage renal disease visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure variability and post-end-stage renal disease mortality in incident dialysis patients. J Hypertens 35:1816–1824

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Torres G, Sánchez-de-la-Torre M, Barbé F (2015) Relationship between OSA and hypertension. Chest 148:824–832

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cai A, Wang L, Zhou Y (2016) Hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. Hypertension research: official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 39:391–395

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asayama K, Wei FF, Hara A, Hansen TW, Li Y, Staessen JA (2015) Prognosis in relation to blood pressure variability: con side of the argument. Hypertension 65:1170–9 (discussion 9)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou B, Li C, Shou J, Zhang Y, Wen C, Zeng C (2020) The cumulative blood pressure load and target organ damage in patients with essential hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 22:981–990

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Thijs L, Boggia J, Asayama K, Hansen TW, Kikuya M et al (2014) Blood pressure load does not add to ambulatory blood pressure level for cardiovascular risk stratification. Hypertension 63:925–933

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parati G, Liu X, Ochoa JE (2013) What matters is not only how often but also how much blood pressure rises. Limitations of blood pressure load. J Hypertens 31:1776–9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharma AP, Altamirano-Diaz L, Mohamed Ali M, Stronks K, Kirpalani A, Filler G et al (2021) Diagnosis of hypertension: ambulatory pediatric American Heart Association/European Society of Hypertension versus blood pressure load thresholds. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 23:1947–1956

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Filippone EJ, Foy AJ, Naccarelli GV (2022) Controversies in hypertension I: the optimal assessment of blood pressure load and implications for treatment. Am J Med 135:1043–1050

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Efe FK, Tek M (2021) Increased ambulatory arterial stiffness index and blood pressure load in normotensive obese patients. Afr Health Sci 21:1185–1190

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kluk MK, Gorczyca-Michta I, Salwa P, Dziubek K, Stępień-Wałek AM, Wożakowska-Kapłon B (2013) Blood pressure load in adults with treated hypertension. Kardiol Pol 71:1140–1146

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar