Rescorla FJ (2012) Pediatric germ cell tumors. Semin Pediatr Surg 21:51–60

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhuta R, Shah R, Gell JJ et al (2023) Children’s Oncology Group’s 2023 blueprint for research: germ cell tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 70 Suppl 6:e30562

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zambrano E, De Stefano DV, Reyes-Mugica M (2017) Pediatric germ cell tumors. In: Nogales FF, Jimenez RE (eds) Pathology and biology of human germ cell tumors. Springer, Berlin, pp 381–395

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Sebire NJ, McHugh K (2015) Germ cell and gonadal tumors. In: David M, Parham JDK, Beth M, McCarville (eds) Pediatric malignancies: Pathology and Imaging. Springer, New York, pp 297–320

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Shaaban AM, Rezvani M, Elsayes KM et al (2014) Ovarian malignant germ cell tumors: cellular classification and clinical and imaging features. Radiographics 34:777–801

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taskinen S, Urtane A, Fagerholm R et al (2014) Metachronous benign ovarian tumors are not uncommon in children. J Pediatr Surg 49:543–545

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Braungart S, Craigie RJ, Farrelly P, Losty PD (2020) Ovarian tumors in children: how common are lesion recurrence and metachronous disease? A UK CCLG Surgeons Cancer Group nationwide study. J Pediatr Surg 55:2026–2029

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Papaioannou G, Sebire NJ, McHugh K (2009) Imaging of the unusual pediatric ‘blastomas’. Cancer Imaging 9:1–11

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Currarino G, Coln D, Votteler T (1981) Triad of anorectal, sacral, and presacral anomalies. Am J Roentgenol 137:395–398

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dirix M, van Becelaere T, Berkenbosch L et al (2015) Malignant transformation in sacrococcygeal teratoma and in presacral teratoma associated with Currarino syndrome: a comparative study. J Pediatr Surg 50:462–464

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caro-Domínguez P, Bass J, Hurteau-Miller J (2017) Currarino syndrome in a fetus, infant, child, and adolescent: spectrum of clinical presentations and imaging findings. Can Assoc Radiol J 68:90–95

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scott AT, Tessmann JB, Braun T et al (2021) Presacral neuroendocrine tumors associated with the Currarino syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 185:1582–1588

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

AbouZeid AA, Mohammad SA, Abolfotoh M et al (2017) The Currarino triad: what pediatric surgeons need to know. J Pediatr Surg 52:1260–1268

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harigovind D, Babu Sp H, Nair SV, Sangram N (2019) Fetus in fetu - a rare developmental anomaly. Radiol Case Rep 14:333–336

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prescher LM, Butler WJ, Vachon TA et al (2015) Fetus in fetu: review of the literature over the past 15 years. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep 3:554–562

Article  Google Scholar 

Spencer R (2001) Parasitic conjoined twins: external, internal (fetuses in fetu and teratomas), and detached (acardiacs). Clin Anat 14:428–444

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Frazier AL, Weldon C, Amatruda J (2012) Fetal and neonatal germ cell tumors. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 17:222–230

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Childress KJ, Dietrich JE (2017) Pediatric ovarian torsion. Surg Clin North Am 97:209–221

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oltmann SC, Fischer A, Barber R et al (2010) Pediatric ovarian malignancy presenting as ovarian torsion: incidence and relevance. J Pediatr Surg 45:135–139

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Servaes S, Zurakowski D, Laufer MR et al (2007) Sonographic findings of ovarian torsion in children. Pediatr Radiol 37:446–451

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elsingergy MM, Oliver ER, Otero HJ, Back SJ (2022) Added value of gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance evaluation of adnexal torsion in girls. Abdom Radiol (NY) 47:3868–3882

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iwata A, Matsubara K, Umemoto Y et al (2009) Spontaneous rupture of benign ovarian cystic teratoma in a premenarcheal girl. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 22:e121-e123

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsapralis D, Prodromidou A, Vasiliadis G et al (2021) Rupture of a mature cystic teratoma in a young girl caused by a car accident: an extremely rare case and review of the literature. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 63:438–442

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Childress KJ, Santos XM, Perez-Milicua G et al (2017) Intraoperative rupture of ovarian dermoid cysts in the pediatric and adolescent population: should this change your surgical management? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 30:636–640

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li RY, Nikam Y, Kapurubandara S (2020) Spontaneously ruptured dermoid cysts and their potential complications: a review of the literature with a case report. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2020:6591280

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Park SB, Kim JK, Kim KR, Cho KS (2008) Imaging findings of complications and unusual manifestations of ovarian teratomas. Radiographics 28:969–983

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel MD, Patel BM (2007) Sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging appearance of a burned-out testicular germ cell neoplasm. J Ultrasound Med 26:143–146

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Balzer BL, Ulbright TM (2006) Spontaneous regression of testicular germ cell tumors: an analysis of 42 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 30:858–865

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Persano G, Crocoli A, De Pasquale MD et al (2021) Burned-out testicular tumors in adolescents: clinical aspects and outcome. Front Pediatr 9:688021

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Williamson SR, Delahunt B, Magi-Galluzzi C et al (2017) The World Health Organization 2016 classification of testicular germ cell tumours: a review and update from the International Society of Urological Pathology Testis Consultation Panel. Histopathology 70:335–346

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tasu JP, Faye N, Eschwege P et al (2003) Imaging of burned-out testis tumor: five new cases and review of the literature. J Ultrasound Med 22:515–521

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rocher L, Glas L, Bellin MF et al (2017) Burned-out testis tumors in asymptomatic Infertile men: multiparametric sonography and MRI findings. J Ultrasound Med 36:821–831

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ha HK, Jung SG, Park SW et al (2009) Retroperitoneal seminoma with the ‘burned out’ phenomenon in the testis. Korean J Urol 50:516–519

Article  Google Scholar 

Wu CC, Guo WY, Chang FC et al (2017) MRI features of pediatric intracranial germ cell tumor subtypes. J Neurooncol 134:221–230

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Logothetis CJ, Samuels ML, Trindade A, Johnson DE (1982) The growing teratoma syndrome. Cancer 50:1629–1635

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Magudia K, Menias CO, Bhalla S et al (2019) Unusual imaging findings Associated with germ cell tumors. Radiographics 39:1019–1035

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sasahara M, Abe T, Otomi Y et al (2022) (18)F-FDG PET/CT showing Rare Mediastinal growing Teratoma Syndrome following chemotherapy. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 31:239–241

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shibata K, Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F (2013) Growing teratoma syndrome of the ovary showing three patterns of metastasis: a case report. Case Rep Oncol 6:544–549

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lavoie JM, Lacroix-Poisson F, Hoang LN et al (2017) 18F FDG positron-emission tomography findings of gliomatosis peritonei: a case report and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol Rep 20:105–107

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yoon NR, Lee JW, Kim BG et al (2012) Gliomatosis peritonei is associated with frequent recurrence, but does not affect overall survival in patients with ovarian immature teratoma. Virchows Arch 461:299–304

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang D, Jia CW, Feng RE et al (2016) Gliomatosis peritonei: a series of eight cases and review of the literature. J Ovarian Res 9:45

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lefebvre H, Laquerriere A, Cleret JM, Kuhn JM (1993) A hCG-secreting testicular seminoma revealed by male infertility: mechanism of hCG-evoked endocrine disturbances. Andrologia 25:283–287

Article  PubMed  CAS