Afifi AI, Arnaouty SAE, Attia AR, Alla AEM (2010) Biological control of citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) using Coccinellid Predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant. Pak J Biol Sci 13:216–222. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2010.216.222

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Agarwala BK, Yasuda H (2001) Larval interactions in aphidophagous predators: effectiveness of wax cover as defense shield of Scymnus larvae against predation from syrphids. Entomol Exp Appl 100:101–107. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00852.x

Article  Google Scholar 

Bauerfeind SS, Fischer K (2005) Effects of food stress and density in different life stages on reproduction in a butterfly. Oikos 111:514–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13888.x

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Boggs CL, Freeman KD (2005) Larval food limitation in butterflies: effects on adult resource allocation and fitness. Oecologia 144:353–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0076-6

Article  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

Boggs CL (2009) Understanding insect life histories and senescence through a resource allocation lens. Funct Ecol 23:27–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01527

Article  Google Scholar 

Chapman RF (1998) The insects: structure and function. Cambridge Press, UK

Davidowitz G, D’Amico LJ, Nijhout HF (2003) Critical weight in the development of insect body size. Evol Dev 5:188–197. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-142X.2003.03026

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Roode JC, Lefèvre T (2012) Insects 3:789–820. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects3030789

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dmitriew C, Cooray M, Rowe L (2007) Effects of early resource-limiting conditions on patterns of growth, growth efficiency, and immune function at emergence in a damselfly (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Can J Zool 85:310–318. https://doi.org/10.1139/Z07-004

Article  Google Scholar 

Honek A (1993) Intraspecific variation in body size and fecundity in insects: a general relationship. Oikos 66:483–492. https://doi.org/10.2307/3544943

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Kairo M, Paraiso O, Gautam RD, Peterkin DD (2013) Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) (Coccinellidae: Scymninae): a review of biology, ecology and use in biological control with particular reference to potential impacto on non-target organisms. CAB Rev 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR20138005

Khan HAA, Sayyed AH, Akram W, Razald S, Ali M (2012) Predatory potential of Chrysoperla carnea and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri larvae on different stages of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis: A threat to cotton in South Asia. J Insect Sci 12:147. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.012.14701

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lundgren JG, Weber DC (2010) Changes in digestive rate of a predatory beetle over its larval stage: implications, for dietary breadth. J Insect Physiol 56:431–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.11.020

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mangel M, Munch SB (2005) A life-history perspective on short-and long-term consequences of compensatory growth. Am Nat 166:E155–E176. https://doi.org/10.1086/444439

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Monaghan P (2008) Early growth conditions, phenotypic development and environmental change. Phil Trans R Soc London B Biol Sci 363:1635–1645. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0011

Article  Google Scholar 

Pacheco P, Borges I, Branco B, Lucas E, Soares AO (2021) Costs and benefits of wax production in the larvae of the ladybeetle Scymnus nubilus. Insects 12:458. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12050458

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pope RD (1979) Wax production by coccinellid larvae (Coleoptera). Syst Entomol 4:171–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1979.tb00632

Article  Google Scholar 

Ravenscraft A, Boggs CL (2016) Nutrient acquisition across a dietary shift: fruit feeding butterflies crave amino acids, nectivores seek salt. Oecologia 181:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3403-6

Article  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

Sanches NF, Carvalho RS (2010) Procedimentos para manejo da criação e multiplicação do predador exótico Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. EMBRAPA Circ Téc 99:1–5

Schwartzberg EG, Haynes KF, Johnson DW, Brown GC (2010) Wax structures of Scymnus louisianae attenuate aggression from aphid-tending ants. Environ Entomol 39:1309–1314. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN09372

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Solangi GS, Lohar MK, Abro GH, Buriro AS (2012) Biology and release of exotic predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant on mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley at Tandojam. Sarhad J Agric 28:429–435

Google Scholar 

Stevens DJ, Hansell MH, Monaghan P (2000) Developmental trade–offs and life histories: strategic allocation of resources in caddis flies. Proc Biol Sci 267:1511–1515. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1172

Tigreros N (2013) Linking nutrition and sexual selection across life stages in a model butterfly system. Funct Ecol 27:145–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12006

Article  Google Scholar 

Völkl W, Vohland K (1996) Wax covers in larvae of two Scymnus species: do they enhance coccinellid larval survival? Oecologia 107:498–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00333941

Article  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

Xie J, De Clercq P, Pan C, Li H, Zhang Y, Pang H (2015a) Larval nutrition-induced plasticity affects reproduction and gene expression of the ladybeetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. BMC Evol Biol 15:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0549-0

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xie J, De Clercq P, Zhang Y, Wu H, Pan C, Pang H (2015b) Nutrition-dependent phenotypes affect sexual selection in a ladybird. Sci Rep 5:13111. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13111

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  ADS  Google Scholar