The incidence rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) have been increasing over the past decade.1 Despite the increased burden of disease, current guidelines recommend only screening for GC and CT in select asymptomatic men, including those with HIV or at high risk of sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition.2 3 Due to these recommendations, most of the data in male asymptomatic GC and CT infection rates come from sexual health clinics with rates between 5% and 10%.4 The infection rate in other male populations is largely unknown.

Service members who join the US Air Force (USAF) are approximately 75% male, and most trainees are in their late teens or early 20s. Studies over the past two decades reflect that the military population is at high risk of STI acquisition.5 Previous large-scale screening of male military recruits conducted in 2001 showed 5% infection of CT, similar to rates seen in sexual health clinics.6 Reasons for the high GC and CT burden in military recruits include being younger aged and showing higher risk-taking behaviours.7 Importantly, military service members’ sexual networks frequently include other service members, which may lead to rapid …