Serum soluble toll-like receptor 4 and risk for clinical severity in COVID-19 patients

World health organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. 2020.

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708–20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

O’Neill LA, Bowie AG. The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in toll-like receptor signaling. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7(5):353–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2079.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schroder K, Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell. 2010;140(6):821–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dekleijn D, Pasterkamp G. Toll-like receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular Res. 2003;60(1):58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(03)00348-1.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fu J, Zhou B, Zhang L, et al. Expressions and significances of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19. Mol Biol Rep. 2020;47(6):4383–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Elkammah M, Gowily A, Okda T, Houssen M. Serum soluble toll-like receptor 4 and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus patients. Contemp Oncol (Pozn). 2020;24(4):216–20.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zunt S, Burton L, Goldblatt L, Dobbins M, Srinivasan M. Soluble forms of toll-like receptor 4 are present in human saliva and modulate tumour necrosis factor-a secretion by macrophage-like cells. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009;156:285–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

-Iwami KI, Matsuguchi T, Masuda A, Kikuchi T, Musikacharoen T, Yoshikai Y. Cutting edge: naturally occurring soluble form of mouse toll-like receptor 4 inhibits lipopolysaccharide signaling. J Immunol. 2000;165:6682–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fakhry N, Gowily A, Okda T, Houssen M. Serum soluble toll-like receptor 2 and 4 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Contemp Oncol (Pozn). 2020;24(3):157–62.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bas S, Gauthier BR, Spenato U, et al. CD14 is an acutephase protein. J Immunol. 2004;172:4470–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vercelli D, Baldini M, Stern D, et al. CD14: a bridge between innate immunity and adaptive IgE responses. J Endotoxin Res. 2001;7:45–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu B, Hailman E, Wright SD. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein and soluble CD14 catalyze exchange of phospholipids. J Clin Invest. 1997;99:315–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

-Ward C, Walters EH, Zheng L, et al. Increased soluble CD14 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of stable lung transplant recipients. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:472–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zdolsek HA, Jenmalm MC. Reduced levels of soluble CD14 in atopic children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004;34:532–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rial J, Tuala M, Rivero-Calle E, et al. Increased serum levels of sCD14 and sCD163 indicate a preponderant role for monocytes in COVID-19 immunopathology. Front Immunol. 2020;11(1648):1652.

Google Scholar 

-Qureshi ST, Larivie`re L, Leveque G, Clermont S, Moore KJ, Gros P. Endotoxin-tolerant mice have mutations in Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4). J Exp Med. 1999;189:615–25.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Chen T, Han C, He D, Liu H, An H, et al. Lysosome-associatedsmallrab GTPase Rab7b negatively regulates TLR4 signaling in macrophagesby promoting lysosomal degradation of TLR4. Blood. 2007;110:962–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2001;1:135–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kharashy G, Gowily A, Okda T, Houssen M. Association between serum soluble Tolllike receptor 2 and 4 and the risk of breast cancer. Mol Clin Oncol. 2021;14:38.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kitchens RL, Thompson PA, Viriyakosol S, O’Keefe GE, Munford RS. Plasma CD14 decreases monocyte responses to LPS by transferring cellboundLPS to plasma lipoproteins. J Clin Invest. 2001;108:485–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12:1–5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Feng Z, Diao B, et al. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly decimates human spleens and lymph nodes. MedRxiv. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.27.20045427.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, et al. Endothelial cell Infection andendotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395:1417–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tay MZ, Poh CM, Rénia L, MacAry PA, Ng LFP. The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20:363–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortalityof adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1054–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

-Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, et al. Clinical and immunologic featuresin severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Clin Invest. 2020;130:2620–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Connors J, Connors JM, Levy JH. COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation. Blood. 2020;135(23):2033–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

-. Bennett TD, Hayward KN, Farris RW, Ringold S, Wallace CA, Brogan TV. Very high serum ferritin levels are associated with increased mortality and critical care in pediatric patients. PediatrCrit Care Med. 2011;12(6):e233–6236.

Article  Google Scholar 

Liu Z, Sun R, Li J, Cheng W, Li L. Relations of anemia with the all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in general population: a meta-analysis. Am J Med Sci. 2019;358(3):191–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kernan KF, Carcillo JA. Hyperferritinemia and inflammation. International immunology. 2017;29(9):401–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wessling-Resnick M. Crossing the iron gate: why and howtransferrin receptors mediate viral entry. Annu Rev Nutr. 2018;38:431–58.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ganz T. Anemia of inflammation. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(12):1148–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wei F, Yang F, Li J, Zheng Y, Yu W, Yang L, Ren X. Soluble Toll-likereceptor 4 is a potential serum biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2016;7:40106–14.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ten Oever J, Kox M, Van de Veerdonk FL, et al. The discriminative capacity of soluble toll-like receptor (sTLR) 2 and sTLR4 in inflammatory diseases. BMC Immunol. 2014;15:1–55.

Article  Google Scholar 

Varki A, Angata T. Siglecs: the major subfamily of I-typelectins. Glycobiology. 2006;16:1R–27R.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Doffek K, Sugg SL, Shilyansky J. Phosphatidylserineregulates the maturation of human dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2004;173:2985–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beesley R, Keillor V, Rutherford M, Basheer F, et al. SARS-CoV-2-specific immune respons

Comments (0)

No login
gif