In recent years, the prevalence of gout has increased worldwide and gout can occur in adolescents and young adults, although rare [1,2]. A 10-year retrospective study found that the age of onset of gout in China was progressively younger [3]. Hyperuricemia is not only an important step in the development of gout, it is also the most important risk factor for the occurrence of gout [4]. There has been an increase in the prevalence of hyperuricemia in Chinese adolescents, especially in boys (26.6 %−42.3 %), leading to an increasing prevalence in gout [5,6].

Gout causes not only joint pain and deformity, but also liver and kidney function impairment, dyslipidemia and hypertension in adolescents [7,8], contributing to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), triggering cardiovascular disease and even increasing the risk of death [9,10]. However, little is known about the clinical characteristics of adolescent-onset gout patients [11,12]. Characterization of these patients is a prerequisite to identify patients and evaluate the need for tailored management of gout in this population.

Here, we describe the clinical characteristics of 9003 patients with gout (517 in adolescent-onset patients) evaluated in this hospital-based cross-sectional study between 2016 and 2022. We also present data on treatment and determine the clinical predictors that associate with serum urate (SU) levels, frequent gout flares, and hyperuricemia classification.